有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分及甘蓝产量、品质的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the soil nutrients,yield and quality of cabbage

作　　者：闫佳会 张广楠 杜中平 YAN Jiahui;ZHANG Guangnan;DU Zhongping(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management,Qinghai Province,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining,Ministry of Agriculture,Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,农业部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站,青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2021年第3期55-60,共6页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2018YFD0201205);青海省科学技术厅重点研发与转化计划(2019-NK-110);青海省科学技术厅科技合作专项(2018-HZ-808)。

摘　　要：为促进青海省露地蔬菜产业绿色高效发展,以"绿科50"甘蓝品种为材料进行田间试验,研究有机肥不同比例(20%、40%、60%、80%、100%)替代化肥对土壤养分及甘蓝产量和品质的影响。结果表明:有机肥替代比例在20%~60%,甘蓝单球重、小区生物产量、小区商品产量及干物质量均呈增加趋势,分别提高了2.04%~6.09%、3.96%~9.33%、2.61%~11.60%、3.50%~5.81%;有机肥替代比例超过60%,中心柱长显著低于其他处理,有机肥替代比例为60%,叶球紧实度最高为0.525 g/cm3;随着有机肥替代比例的提高,硝酸盐含量较其他处理显著降低了2.28%~40.70%,而Vc含量增加了7.06%~22.08%,可溶性蛋白含量增加了20.95%~80.95%;增施有机肥显著提升土壤有机质和全氮含量;有机肥替代化肥显著提高甘蓝产量、品质及改善土壤理化性质。In order to promote the environment-friendly and efficient development of open field vegetable industry in Qinghai province,a field experiment is conducted with“Lvke 50”cabbage as material to study the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer(20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%)on the soil nutrients as well as the yield and quality of cabbage.The results show that single weight,biomass,commodity yield and dry matter quality of cabbage increases by 2.04%~6.09%,3.96%~9.33%,2.61%~11.60%and 3.50%~5.81%respectively when the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer is between 20%and 60%;the central column length of cabbage is significantly lower than other treatments when the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer is more than 60%.The highest compactness of leaf is 0.525 g/cm3 when the ratio is 60%;the nitrate content decreases by 2.28%~40.70%,VC content increases by 7.06%~22.08%and soluble protein content increases by 20.95%~80.95%with the increase of the replacement proportion of organic fertilizer;the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen are significantly increased by increasing organic fertilizer;replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer greatly improves the yield and quality of cabbage as well as physical and chemical properties of soil.

关 键 词：甘蓝 有机肥 化肥 产量 品质 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S635[农业科学—蔬菜学]