湖北竹溪大型真菌资源及生态分布研究  

Study on Ecological Distribution of Macrofungus Resources in Zhuxi Hubei

作　　者：刘升乔 邓洪平[1] 胡亚萍 丁晖 袁堂康 李荣军 刘建兴 张家辉[1] LIU Sheng-qiao;DENG Hong-ping;HU Ya-ping;DING Hui;YUAN Tang-kang;LI Rong-jun;LIU Jian-xing;ZHANG Jia-hui(School of Life Science,Southwest University/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservationand Germplasm Innovation,Institute of Resources Botany,Chongqing 400715,China;Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;Wushan Senior High School,Wushan Chongqing 404700,China;Wuxi Senior High School,Wuxi Chongqing 405800,China;Chengkou Forestry Bureau of Chongqing,Chengkou Chongqing 405999,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院/资源植物保护与种质创新重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所自然保护与生物多样性研究中心,南京210042 [3]重庆市巫山中学,重庆巫山404700 [4]重庆市巫溪中学校,重庆巫溪405800 [5]重庆市城口县林业局,重庆城口405999

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期52-59,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(SHKJ8-2-3-8-1);重庆市科技传播与普及项目(zs_cstc2019kpzx-kphdB0024).

摘　　要：对湖北省竹溪县大型真菌物种多样性开展了初步的调查研究,结果显示:湖北竹溪共有大型真菌252种,隶属于20目、62科、140属,其中子囊菌5目11科23种、担子菌15目51科229种.优势科属明显,含10种及以上的科为牛肝菌科、多孔菌科、蘑菇科、红菇科、鹅膏科和小皮伞科等6科,含5种及以上的属为红菇属、鹅膏菌属等6属.从资源价值来看,竹溪县有食药兼用菌10种,食用菌43种,药用菌34种,毒菌22种.对该地区大型真菌进行保护等级评估,有近危1种,无危188种,中国特有种16种.从生态分布来看,竹溪县大型真菌主要分布在阔叶林、针阔混交林和针叶林中,在这3种植被类型中大型真菌物种多样性存在较大差异,阔叶林中物种最多,针阔混交林次之,针叶林最少,且物种数量相近的阔叶林和针阔混交林中物种组成差异也较大,相同物种数占比不到各自所含物种数的50%.大型真菌随海拔梯度呈现正态分布,海拔601~900 m范围内物种最多,901~1200 m次之,1201~1500 m最少.The present paper is based on a study regarding the diversity of macrofungi in Zhuxi county,Hubei province.The results show that there are 252 species of macrofungi in this area,belonging to 20 orders,62 families and 140 genera,including 23 species of ascomycetes within 11 genera,5 families and 229 species of basidiomycetes within 51 genera,15 families.The dominant families with 10 species or more include Boletaceae,Polyporaceae,Agaricaceae,Russulaceae,Amanitaceae,and Marasmiaceae.Six genera containing more than 5 species are Russula,Amanita and other four.From the perspective of resource value,there are 10 species of edible and medicinal fungi,43 species of edible fungi,34 species of medicinal fungi and 22 species of toadstools in Zhuxi County.In respect of ecological distribution of species,biodiversity of macrofungi varies greatly in different vegetation types in this area.Broad-leaved species rank the first,mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands the second,and coniferous forests the least.The protection grade of macrofungi in this area further shows that there are 1 near threatened(NT)species,188 least-concern(LC)species and 16 China's endemic species.Moreover,the species composition of the broad-leaved forest and the mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest,whose species number is similar,are also significantly disparate since the percentage of the same species is less than 50%of the species of the two vegetation types.The result demonstrates a significant difference among multitudinous vegetation types in terms of macrofungus species diversity.Macrofungi exhibit a normal distribution according to the altitudinal gradient.Species are the most diverse in the range of 601-900 meters above sea level,followed by the range of 901-1200 meters,and the least in the range of 1201-1500 meters.

关 键 词：大型真菌 湖北竹溪 资源价值 生态分布 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]