一种森林表土替代物及其石漠化植被恢复效应  

Substitute of Forest Topsoil and Its Effect on Vegetation Restoration of Rocky Desertification

作　　者：谭琲琳 沈有信[1,2] 赵高卷 李振江 陈发军[1,3] 朱虹 肖桂英 TAN Bei-lin;SHEN You-xin;ZHAO Gao-juan;LI Zhen-jiang;CHEN Fa-jun;ZHU Hong;XIAO Gui-ying(Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650223,P.R.China;Core Botanical Gardens,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Menglun Yunnan 666303,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Jianshui County Forestry Technology Promotion Institute,Jianshui Yunnan 654399,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [2]中国科学院核心植物园,云南勐仑666303 [3]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [4]建水县林业技术推广所,云南建水654399

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2021年第3期99-108,共10页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划子课题“断陷盆地石漠化区仿自然植物群落构建”(2016YFC0502504)。

摘　　要：直接迁植森林表土的植被恢复方式消耗土壤资源,故需寻找替代基质。将处理过的云南省红河州建水县的生活垃圾置于供体森林中"养育"并接收种子雨,形成"森林表土替代物",与供体森林表土之间在萌发期的石漠化植被恢复效能进行比对。结果表明:(1)一个种子雨季节可以收集到供体森林中约79%的物种种类的种子;(2)经过一个种子雨季节的森林"养育",森林表土替代物的繁殖体库密度约为当季森林表土的67%,向其中混合1/5比例的森林表土后,密度为森林表土的77%;(3)经过处理的小城镇生活垃圾中含有显著高于森林表土的土壤肥力值,能够促进部分原生植物的成功建苗,如滇合欢、假虎刺、小叶鼠李、■子梢等,并提高Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数等物种多样性指标。综合来看,小城镇生活垃圾可作为土壤替代物接收种子雨,并且可用于喀斯特石漠化迹地植被恢复,同时也为实现生活垃圾的资源化、无害化利用提供了新途径。Transplanting forest topsoil to restore semi-natural forest partially depletes natural soil resources,so we need to find alternative substrates.Simply treated domestic garbage from Jianshui County,Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province was placed in a donor forest for“cultivation”and received seed rain to form a substitute of forest topsoil,and the recovery efficiency of this substitute on revegetation of stony desertification site in the germination period was compared with donor forest topsoil.The results showed that:(1)Seeds of about 79%of plant species could be collected in the donor forest in one seed rain season;(2)After one seed rain season“cultivation”in donor forest,the density of seed bank of this substitute was 67%of the forest topsoil.After mixing one-fifth of the forest topsoil,seed bank density of the substitute was 77%of the donor forest soil;(3)The fertility value of this forest treated domestic garbage from small towns is significantly higher than that of the donor forest topsoil.It could promote the successful establishment of some native plants,such as Albizia kalkora,Carissa spinarum,Rhamnus parvifolia,Campylotropis macrocarpa,etc.Thus,increase the species diversity indicators,such as Simpson index,Shannon-Weiner index,Pielou evenness index.In conclusion,this new soil substitute provide a new route for natural vegetation in rocky desertification areas,and also provides a new way for harmless utilization of domestic garbage and other waste.

关 键 词：小城镇生活垃圾 种子雨 森林表土替代物 植被恢复 喀斯特石漠化 

分 类 号：S718.57[农业科学—林学]