基于红外相机技术对大相岭保护区有蹄类动物活动节律的初步研究  

Study on the Activity Rhythms of Ungulates in DaXiangLing Nature Reserve Based on Infrared Camera Trapping

作　　者：李平 张泽钧[1] 杨洪 韦伟[1] 周宏[1] 洪明生[1] 付明霞 宋心强 余吉 LI Ping;ZHANG Zejun;YANG Hong;WEI Wei;ZHOU Hong;HONG Mingsheng;FU Mingxia;SONG Xinqiang;YU Ji(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China;Yingjing County Daxiangling Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Yingjing 625200,China)

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009 [2]荥经县大相岭自然保护区管理局,四川荥经625200

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2021年第3期18-23,共6页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：近年来,红外相机技术被广泛应用于野生动物的种群、数量、分布,以及活动节律和行为特征的研究中。本文以大相岭保护区2019年149台红外相机21238个相机工作日的红外相机监测数据为基础,主要拍摄到林麝(Moschus berezovskii)、四川羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor tibetena)、中华鬣羚(capricornis milneedwardsii)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)5种与大熊猫同域分布的有蹄类动物。通过相对丰富度指数(Relative abundance index,RAI)分析该5种动物的活动节律及季节性差异表明:(1)5种有蹄类动物在研究区域总丰富度达到了53.59%,其中毛冠鹿的丰富度最高为29.54%,其次依次为中华鬣羚(12.63%)、四川羚牛(4.09%)、野猪(3.97%)和林麝(3.37%)。(2)林麝、中华鬣羚、野猪在季节性节律方面表现出一致性,即秋冬季节活动最为频繁,春季逐渐下降,夏季达到活动低谷;而毛冠鹿和四川羚牛则刚好相反,在夏季活动最为频繁,从秋季开始逐渐下降,冬季跌到低谷,春季5月份开始回升。(3)林麝、毛冠鹿的日活动规律相似,清晨的活动高峰不明显,而18:00—20:00的活动强度极高;四川羚牛和野猪都主要集中在白昼活动。(4)林麝在春季出现一定的活动强度差异性,黄昏时期活动强度极大,中华鬣羚冬季夜间活动最为明显,毛冠鹿和野猪不具有明显的季节性差异。(5)中华鬣羚具有明显的夜行性行为。以上研究结果有助于监测有蹄类动物种群的变化,为保护区有效保护管理提供了数据支持,同时,为大熊猫与伴生有蹄动物之间生态位分化研究提供基础资料,为大熊猫的野外放归提供科学依据。In recent years,infrared camera technology has been widely used in the study of population,quantity,distribution,activity rhythm,and behavior characteristics of wild animals.According to the infrared camera monitoring data of 149 infrared cameras for 21238 camera working days in Daxiangling Nature Reserve,Sichuan province,China,in 2019.Five species of ungulates,M.berezovskii,B.t.tibetena,C.milneedwardsii,E.cephalophus,and S.scrofa were identified in the same region as the wild giant panda.The relative abundance index(RAI)method was used to analyze the activity rhythms and seasonal differences of those five ungulates.The results showed that:(1)The total richness of the five ungulates in the study area reached 53.59%,among which E.cephalophus had the highest abundance of 29.54%,followed by C.milneedwardsii(12.63%),B.t.tibetena(4.09%),S.scrofa(3.97%)and M.berezovskii(3.37%).(2)The seasonal rhythm of M.berezovskii,C.milneedwardsii,and S.scrofa was consistent,that was,the activity was most frequent in autumn and winter,gradually decreased in spring,and reached a low point in summer;On the contrary,E.cephalophus and B.t.tibetena had the most frequent activities in summer,gradually declined from autumn,fell to a low point in winter,and started to rise in May in spring.(3)M.berezovskii and E.cephalophus had a similar daily activity pattern.They showed a weak activity peak in the early morning,but high activity peak during 18:00—20:00 at dust;B.t.tibetena and S.scrofa were mainly concentrated in daytime activities and showed a twilight pattern.(4)The activity intensity of M.berezovskii was different in spring,and the activity intensity was extremely high at dusk.The winter nocturnal activity of C.milneedwardsii was the most obvious,while there was no obvious seasonal difference for E.cephalophus and S.scrofa.(5)C.milneedwardsii had obvious nocturnal behavior.The above results are helpful for monitoring the changes of ungulates population,providing data support for the effective protection and management of the reserve.I

关 键 词：四川大相岭自然保护区 红外相机 有蹄类 活动节律 季节差异 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]