液体介质微/纳秒脉冲放电的特性与机理:现状及进展  

Characteristics and mechanisms of streamer discharge in liquids under micro/nano-second pulsed voltages:status and advances

作　　者：李元[1] 温嘉烨 李林波 郜晶 石亚轩 刘志濠 张冠军[1] Li Yuan;Wen Jiaye;Li Linbo;Gao Jing;Shi Yaxuan;Liu Zhihao;Zhang Guanjun(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《强激光与粒子束》2021年第6期1-13,共13页High Power Laser and Particle Beams

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51607139,11635004)。

摘　　要：液相放电是高电压与绝缘技术领域持续的研究热点,深入理解微/纳秒脉冲放电的特性与机理有利于促进液相放电在电气装备设计优化、深远海勘探、先进材料制备等前沿领域的创新与突破。总结梳理了近年来液体介质微/纳秒脉冲流注放电特性与机理研究的进展,从放电模式与转化、分叉行为、击穿过程等方面阐释了流注放电的基础特性,归纳了液体电导率、压强、溶解气体、杂质与添加剂等物性参数对流注放电特性的影响规律,分析了液体介质流注放电起始与发展机制(包括气泡理论、液相直接碰撞电离、场致分子电离、电致伸缩效应等)及其适用范围。在此基础上,展望了液相放电领域的发展方向和面临的挑战,为相关领域的基础研究和工程应用提供参考。The studies on discharges in liquid dielectrics have been continuously gaining great attentions in the field of high voltage and insulation engineering.Profound understandings of the characteristics and mechanism of micro/nano-second pulsed discharge in liquids are prerequisites to the innovation and breakthrough of various cutting-edge applications,e.g.,optimized electrical equipment design,deep ocean explorations,advanced material synthesis.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in the investigations of characteristics and mechanisms of micro/nano-second pulsed streamer discharge in liquid dielectrics.Fundamental characteristics of streamer discharge are elucidated including discharge modes and transition,branching characteristic,and breakdown.The contributing factors on the streamer characteristics,such as liquid conductivity,pressure,dissolved gas,impurities and additives,are analyzed.Prevailing mechanisms of initiation and propagation of streamer discharge in liquids as well as their application scenarios are discussed,including bubble theory,direct impact ionization,field molecular ionization,electrostriction,etc.Further,we expect the prospects and challenges of liquid discharge to enlighten fundamental researches and engineering applications in the relevant fields.

关 键 词：液体介质 微秒脉冲 纳秒脉冲 流注放电 场致分子电离 电致伸缩 

分 类 号：TM85[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]