基于时间利用视角的民生福祉改善研究  

Research on Improving People’s Well-being from the Time Use Perspective

作　　者：余碧莹[1] 赵利婧 胡林 孙飞虎 彭晓晗 史彩云 YU Biying;ZHAO Lijing;HU Lin;SUN Feihu;PENG Xiaohan;SHI Caiyun(Center for Energy&Environmental Policy Research,School of Management&Economics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;National Bureau of Statistics of China,Beijing 100826,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学管理与经济学院能源与环境政策研究中心,北京100081 [2]国家统计局,北京100826

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期72-81,共10页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：幸福感是人们对物质生活和精神生活的综合评价,可以作为改善人民福祉的重要参照。由于参与不同活动的时间分配不同,获得的满足感和幸福感也不同,通过时间利用方式的变化可以反映居民幸福感的变化。以中国2008年和2018年两次时间利用调查数据为基础,运用三阶段最小二乘法,通过分析个人属性和外界环境属性对时间利用方式的影响,以及时间利用方式对幸福感的影响,评估中国民生福祉改善情况。研究发现:十年间中国居民幸福感显著提高,人民福祉明显改善。就个人属性而言,收入和受教育程度越高的群体幸福感越高。就外界属性而言,人均学校数量、人均公园绿地面积、人均医院数量的提升可以提高居民的幸福感,居民消费价格指数的增加会降低居民的幸福感。从活动细分来看,把更多的时间投入到有酬劳动、无偿家庭服务、睡觉与个人护理活动、用餐或其他饮食、大众媒体使用、休闲娱乐活动、健身锻炼活动上可以提升居民的幸福感。为进一步提升中国居民的幸福感,建议提高就业质量和人民收入水平,提升交通出行效率,加大教育资源投入,增加医疗服务供给,推进生态文明建设。Happiness is a comprehensive evaluation of people’s life,which can be used as an important reference to improve people’s well-being.Due to the different allocation of time to participate in different activities,the satisfaction and happiness obtained are also different,thus this study investigates the change of residents’happiness through the change of time use pattern.Based on the China national time use survey data collected in 2008 and 2018,the three-stage least square method is used to evaluate the improvement of people’s livelihood in China by analyzing the impact of personal attributes and external environment attributes on time use patterns,as well as the impact of time use patterns on happiness.The study found that the happiness of Chinese residents increased significantly during the past decade.In terms of personal attributes,people with higher income and education levels are happier.In terms of external attributes,the increase of per capita number of schools,per capita area of park green space and per capita number of hospitals in the living city can improve residents’happiness,while the increase of consumer price index will reduce residents’happiness.From the perspective of activity,more time devoted to paid work,unpaid family services,sleep and personal care activities,meals or other food,use of mass media activities,leisure and entertainment activities,and fitness activities can improve residents’happiness.In order to further improve the happiness of Chinese residents,it is suggested to improve the quality of employment and people’s income,enhance the efficiency of transportation,increase the investment of educational resources,expand the supply of medical services,and promote the construction of ecological civilization.

关 键 词：时间利用 幸福感 三阶段最小二乘法 个人属性 外界环境属性 

分 类 号：C914[经济管理]