放射性核素大气扩散数值模拟研究综述  

A review of the numerical simulations of the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides

作　　者：葛宝珠[1,3] 陆芊芊 陈学舜 王自发 GE Baozhu;LU Qianqian;CHEN Xueshun;WANG Zifa(State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;Guangxi Climate Center,Nanning 530022;CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment,Xiamen 361021;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]广西壮族自治区气候中心,南宁530022 [3]中国科学院区域大气环境研究卓越创新中心,厦门361021 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2021年第5期1599-1609,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中科院重点部署项目(No.ZDRW-CN-2018-1-03);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC0830802);国家重大科技基础设施项目“地球系统数值模拟装置”。

摘　　要：放射性核素大气扩散模式可以模拟放射性核素在不同尺度下的大气输送与扩散,为核电站选址、核事故应急提供科学依据.本文总结了目前广泛用于模拟核素扩散的多种模式,详细比较了各模式对放射性核素的衰变、输送和扩散、干/湿沉降和重力沉降以及辐射剂量等处理方法,总结归纳各个模式模拟的差异性.最后,对放射性核素大气扩散模式发展前景做了展望.对有针对性地提高模式模拟能力以及明确模式的发展方向具有重要的意义.The radionuclide numerical models are applied to predict the advection and diffusion of radionuclides in the atmosphere at different scales, based on which decisions are made on site selection for nuclear power plants as well as emergency response to a nuclear accident. This paper summarizes the various numerical models used to predict and simulate the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides with a thorough comparison of decay processes, the advection and diffusion, dry/wet deposition process and the radiation exposure in different models. Three different types of the radionuclide numerical models are studied, e.g., Gaussian, Lagrangian and Eulerian, and their limitations and advantages are categorized. Finally, prospect for future development of the models is concluded. This review is informative in improving the numerical models for various applications.

关 键 词：放射性核素 放射性衰变 输送和扩散 沉降 辐射剂量 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]