城市再生水厂出水中典型有机污染物的赋存情况及其生态风险评价  

The occurrence and ecological risk assessment of typical organic pollutants in the effluents of urban reclaimed water plants

作　　者：王龙 徐雄[2] 朱丹 李雄勇[1] 张广鑫[1] 陈刚[1] 刘权震 林利华 王东红[2] WANG Long;XU Xiong;ZHU Dan;LI Xiongyong;ZHANG Guangxin;CHEN Gang;LIU Quanzhen;LIN Lihua;WANG Donghong(Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Urban Ecology,Shenyang 110167;Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085)

机构地区：[1]沈阳环境科学研究院,辽宁省城市生态重点实验室,沈阳110167 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2021年第5期1910-1919,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2018ZX07601-001)。

摘　　要：由于再生水中含有微量或者痕量的有机污染物,因此再生水利用过程中潜在的生态和健康风险一直受到社会的广泛关注.为探明再生水中多环芳烃(PAHs)、邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)和农药等典型有机污染物的赋存情况以及其在再生水厂提标改造前后的去除情况,本文于2019年对北京市5座再生水厂出水进行了连续6个月的监测,并对检出的PAHs、PAEs和农药进行了生态风险评价.结果显示:5座再生水厂出水中检出率为100%的污染物为PAHs中萘(NaP)、芴(Flu)、菲(Phe)、蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Flua)、芘(Pyr)、苯并[a]蒽(BaA)、[艹屈](Chr)、苯并[a]芘(BaP),PAEs中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DNBP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)和农药中敌敌畏、阿特拉津.在各类污染物的组分分布上,总PAHs含量中以2、3环的PAHs为主,主要包括Phe、NaP、Flu、Ant和Ace,共占PAHs总量的55%以上;PAEs中以DEHP、DMP、DIBP和DNBP为主,共占总PAEs含量的80%以上;农药中以敌敌畏和阿特拉津为主.5座再生水厂出水中总PAHs的月平均浓度为53.6~65.9 ng·L^(-1);总PAEs的月平均浓度为4881.3~7050.2 ng·L^(-1);总农药的月平均浓度为77.7~97.2 ng·L^(-1).与污水处理厂改造前相比,出水中PAHs和PAEs的总浓度明显下降,其中PAHs总浓度下降约一个数量级;农药中有机氯农药在改造前文献报道有检出,而改造后我们的样品中均为未检出;通过对检出目标化合物的生态风险评价,所有PAHs,PAEs中DMP、DEHP、DEP,农药中阿特拉津和百菌清在各水厂出水中均为低风险污染物,但是PAEs中DIBP和DNBP在各水厂出水中均为中、高风险污染物;农药敌敌畏和毒死蜱在个别月份样品中表现出了中风险.The utilization of reclaimed water has been widely concerned by the society due to its potential ecological and health risks because of the trace amount of organic pollutants in reclaimed water. In order to explore the occurrence of the typical organic pollutants(including PAHs, PAEs and pesticides) in reclaimed water and their removal before and after upgrading and reconstruction of wastewater treatment plant, the effluents from 5 water reclamation plants in Beijing were monitored continuously for 6 months in 2019, and their ecological risks were assessed. The results showed that the pollutants with 100% detection rate were NaP, Flu, Phe, Ant, Flua, Pyr, BaA, Chr, BaP, DMP, DEP, DIBP, DNBP, DEHP, dichlorvos and atrazine. PAHs with two and three aromatic rings were the main components, mainly including Phe, NaP, Flu, Ant and Ace, accounting for more than 55% of the total PAHs. For PAEs, DEHP, DMP, DIBP and DNBP were the main PAEs components, accounting for more than 80% of the total PAEs. For pesticides, dichlorvos and atrazine were the main components. The monthly average concentration of PAHs, PAEs and pesticides were 53.6~65.9, 4881.3~7050.2, and 77.7~97.2 ng·L^(-1),respectively. Compared with the effluents of water reclamation plants before the upgrading and reconstruction, the concentrations of these typical organic pollutants decreased significantly. The ecological risk assessment showed that PAHs, DMP, DEHP, DEP, atrazine and chlorothalonil were at low-risk level in the effluents;but DIBP and DNBP were medium-risk or high-risk pollutants;and the dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos showed moderate risk in individual samples.

关 键 词：再生水 多环芳烃 邻苯二甲酸酯 农药 分布特征 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4