某溢洪道掺气方案优化研究  

Study on the Optimization of Aeration Scheme for a Spillway

作　　者：史蝶 李国栋[1] 贺翠玲[2] 李鹏峰 SHI Die;LI Guodong;HE Cuiling;LI Pengfeng(Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi’an 710105,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]中国电力建设集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710105

出　　处：《人民珠江》2021年第6期99-106,共8页Pearl River

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018SF-352)。

摘　　要：高水头、大流量的泄水建筑物中易发生空蚀破坏,结合西北某水电站溢洪道工程实例,通过单体水工模型试验,开展溢洪道掺气减蚀研究。试验结果表明:各洪水频率条件的溢洪道泄槽流速较大,水流空化数小于0.3,需要设置掺气减蚀设施。通过分析3种不同掺气设施的减蚀效果可知,挑坎式掺气能缓解空蚀,但下游伴有不同程度的溅水;凸型坎掺气能形成稳定的空腔,且下游无溅水发生;坎槽式可使泄槽内形成稳定的空腔和流态,且易施工,为最优掺气设施。在最优掺气设施中,掺气坎至鼻坎前端掺气浓度较高(0.9%~63.1%),掺气效果良好,达到了掺气减蚀目的。研究结果可为该工程后续消能防冲研究及类似工程的掺气减蚀研究提供理论指导与技术支撑。Cavitation damage is easy to occur in discharge structures with high head and large flow.Based on the spillway project of a hydropower station in Northwest China,this paper studies the aeration and cavitation mitigation of spillway through the single hydraulic model test.The experimental results show that:The velocity of spillway chute is larger and the flow cavitation number is less than 0.3 under different conditions of flood frequency,so it is necessary to set up aeration and cavitation mitigation facility.Through the analysis of the cavitation mitigation effect of three different aerators,it can be seen that the aerator with flip bucket can mitigate cavitation,but there are different degrees of splash in the downstream.The aerator with convex bucket can form a stable cavity,and there is no splash in the downstream.The aerator with chute can form a stable cavity and flow pattern in the chute,and it is easy to construct,so it is the optimal aerator.In the optimal aerator,the aeration concentration from aerator to the front of the bucket lip is higher,which is 0.9%~63.1%,the aeration effect is good,and the purpose of aeration and cavitation mitigation is achieved.The research results can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the follow-up energy dissipation and erosion control research of this project and the aeration and cavitation mitigation research of similar projects.

关 键 词：空蚀破坏 单体水工模型试验 掺气减蚀 坎槽式 掺气浓度 

分 类 号：TV651.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]