木里煤田聚乎更矿区生态环境修复监测技术与方法  

Monitoring technology and method of ecological environment rehabilitation and treatment in Jvhugeng mining area

作　　者：李聪聪[1] 王佟[2,3] 王辉[1] 胡智峰[1] 江晓光[1] 梁振新 王伟超 杜斌 LI Congcong;WANG Tong;WANG Hui;HU Zhifeng;JIANG Xiaoguang;LIANG Zhenxin;WANG Weichao;DU Bin(China Coal Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,China;China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038,China;School of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science & Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geology,Xining 810007,China;General Prospecting Institute,China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局航测遥感局,陕西西安710199 [2]中国煤炭地质总局,北京100038 [3]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [4]青海煤炭地质局,青海西宁810007 [5]中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院,北京100039

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2021年第5期1451-1462,共12页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：中国煤炭地质总局“高原高寒地区煤炭生态地质勘查与矿山生态修复技术研究”资助项目(中煤地办科技2020-88号)。

摘　　要：木里煤田聚乎更矿区处于黄河一级支流大通河源头湿地生态区,是黄河流域生态环境保护的重点地区。因煤炭开采导致地貌景观破坏、土地损毁、水系湿地破坏、不稳定边坡和残煤高温异常一系列生态环境问题,对矿区生态系统造成扰动和破坏,导致矿区生态服务功能和生态环境质量下降。为了全面分析矿区生态环境问题,明确生态环境修复治理方向,保障矿区生态环境恢复治理工程高效开展,有效提升矿区生态环境质量。基于对生态环境问题现状的分析,将矿山环境恢复治理划分为4个阶段,即治理前的勘查设计阶段、治理中的地形地貌整治阶段和覆土复绿阶段、治理完成后的后期管护阶段,针对不同阶段的监测目标,利用卫星遥感、低空无人机遥感和信息化相结合的技术,充分发挥InSAR、热红外和三维遥感的技术特点,结合常规的地质调查、物探、钻探等手段,因地制宜,探索研究了卫星遥感技术在植被覆盖度、冻土反演和形变监测方面的应用,无人机遥感技术在基础地形测量、生态环境问题调查、生态治理效果可视化评价、工程监管和方量计算等方面的应用,经与实际调查结果对比分析具有较好的一致性。研究构建了聚乎更矿区生态环境修复治理监测模式,高效支撑了聚乎更矿区生态环境恢复治理工作,在黄河上游高原高寒生态脆弱地区矿山环境治理工作部署和工程监测中取得了良好的运用效果。The Jvhugeng mining area of Muli Coalfield is located in the wetland ecological area at the source of Datong River,a tributary of the Yellow River,and is a key area for ecological environment protection in the Yellow River Basin.A series of ecological and environmental problems caused by coal mining,including landform destruction,land destruction,water system wetland destruction,unstable slopes and abnormal high temperature of residual coal,have caused disturbances and damages to the ecosystem of the mining area,resulting in a decline in the ecological service function of the mining area and the quality of the ecological environment.In order to comprehensively analyze the ecological environment problems in the mining area,clarify the direction of ecological environment restoration and governance,ensure the efficient development of the ecological environment restoration and governance projects in the mining area,and effectively improve the quality of the ecological environment in the mining area.Based on the analysis of the status quo of the ecological environment,the mine environment restoration and governance is divided into four stages,namely,the survey and design stage before the governance,the topography and landform improvement stage during the governance,the soil cover and greening stage,and the later management and protection stage after the governance is completed.Aiming at the monitoring targets at different stages,using satellite remote sensing,low-altitude UAV remote sensing and informatization technology,give full play to the technical characteristics of InSAR,thermal infrared and three-dimensional remote sensing,combined with conventional geological survey,geophysical prospecting,drilling and other means,According to local conditions,the application of satellite remote sensing technology in vegetation coverage,frozen soil inversion and deformation monitoring has been explored.UAV remote sensing technology has been used in basic topographic surveying,ecological environment problem investigation,visual

关 键 词：木里煤田 聚乎更矿区 生态环境问题 生态环境修复 遥感监测 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]