中小粒径种子播种检测技术研究进展  

Research progress of seeding detection technology for medium and smallsize seeds

作　　者：丁幼春[1,2] 王凯阳 刘晓东 刘伟鹏 陈礼源 刘温伯 杜超群 Ding Youchun;Wang Kaiyang;Liu Xiaodong;Liu Weipeng;Chen Liyuan;Liu Wenbo;Du Chaoqun(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第8期30-41,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600、2016YFD0200606);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BAB097)。

摘　　要：播种检测技术是实现播种智能化的关键技术之一,可为变量播种提供基本的技术支撑。该研究分析了国内外中小粒径种子播种检测技术进展及相应检测装备,重点阐述了中小粒径种子感知方法,主要包括机械机电报警检测法、机器视觉检测法、光电传感检测法、电容传感检测法、压电传感检测法,并对不同检测方法优劣进行分析;同时围绕播种机故障监测、播量、播种频率、行距、株距、漏播、重播等评价指标,明确了播种检测的主要内容,结合精准农业要求为不同播种模式提出对应播种检测指标;进一步分析了为解决漏播问题的变量补种技术和播种检测信息传输技术的研究概况。在系统总结和分析播种检测相关技术的基础上,提出在精准农业背景下对中小粒径种子播种检测的发展要求,展望未来中小粒径种子播种检测技术发展趋势。Small to medium-sized seeds are characterized by non-food crops with an average diameter of less than 7 mm,mainly including rape,wheat,alfalfa,panax ginseng,and cereals.Since crop cultivation is gradually changing from the original grain to the diversified economic type under the adjustment of agricultural industry in China,the small to medium-sized seed crop is generally expected to serve as a sunrise industry with more promising markets.However,it is difficult to monitor the sowing status because the seeder seeds thought tube is enclosed status,when small and medium-sized seeds are sown in the field.In addition,in the detection of small to medium-sized seed crops,the seeds sow frequency is higher compared with large seed crops(rape row frequency is about 20-40 Hz,wheat row frequency is about 100-300 Hz),and it is difficult to accurately distinguish single seeds because of the high row frequency and poor seed sequencing,and there are also difficulties in detecting small to medium-sized seeds because of the small seed size and the weak seed signal generated when the seeds cross the sensing area.The above reasons make it difficult to accurately detect small and medium sized seeds.Correspondingly,the quality of seeding depends seriously on the seed rower,where missing seeds can inevitably result in sparse seedlings and broken strips in the complex field environment.Once a missed sowing cannot be found in time,a large area to be missed can inevitably occur,especially for the wide high-speed seeder with a high operation speed and sowing width.Manual replenishment of seedlings at a later stage is also time-consuming and labor-intensive.Therefore,it is necessary to real-time monitor the sowing process of small and medium-sized seeds for the high quality of crop sowing.Alternatively,the state-of-art technology of seeding detection is widely expected to realize variable seeding in intelligent agriculture.In this study,a systematic review was performed on the progress of detection technology and corresponding equipment fo

关 键 词：农业机械 检测 精量播种 传感原理 中小粒径种子 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]