秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对党参生长及光合特性的影响  

Effect of the amount and time of straw mulching on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Codonopsis pilosula

作　　者：崔同霞[1] 李怀德[1] 姚友旭 郑生岳[1] 范重秀[1] 惠和平[1] 潘悦静 CUI Tongxia;LI Huaide;YAO Youxu;ZHENG Shengyue;FAN Chongxiu;HUI Heping;PAN Yuejing(Gansu Agriculture Technology College, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业职业技术学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第3期100-106,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019A-219);甘肃省科技计划资助(20JR5RA044);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(30440323);甘肃农业职业技术学院科研流动站项目(2017-GNZY-02)。

摘　　要：试验以露地不覆盖(CK1)和地膜露头覆盖(CK2)为双对照,设置了移栽覆盖(A1)和出苗覆盖(A2)2个覆盖时间,4500 kg·hm^(-2)(B1)、7500 kg·hm^(-2)(B2)、10500 kg·hm^(-2)(B3)、13500 kg·hm^(-2)(B4)4个覆盖量,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对党参农艺性状、经济性状、光合特性及产量等的影响。结果表明:党参秸秆覆盖的最佳覆盖时间为移栽覆盖,覆盖量以10500~13500 kg·hm^(-2)为宜;党参苗期株高在A1B3处理下最高,为9.75 cm,党参的根部干物质积累量在A1B3和A2B3处理下较多,分别为5.13 g和4.82 g;进行秸秆覆盖后,党参的叶面积增大,A1B4和A2B3处理较对照(CK1)分别增加80.86%和60.28%;秸秆覆盖党参光合作用增强,平均净光合效率分别较CK1和CK2增加46.83%和12.07%;平均胞间CO2浓度较CK1降低了32.06%。同时研究表明,秸秆覆盖显著提高党参的产量,较CK1和CK2,增产分别达到27.21%和25.53%。In order to study the effect of the amount and covering time of straw mulching on agronomic characters,economic characters,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Codonopsis pilosula,we set up two mulching time(A1 and A2)and four mulching amount(B1、B2、B3,and B4)by a two-factor random block design,and no covering in open field and plastic film outcrop planting were used as double control.The results showed that the best time for the straw mulching was covering immediately after transplanting of C.pilosula,and the amount of mulching should be 10500~13500 kg·hm^(-2).The plant height of C.pilosula was 9.75 cm under A1B3 treatment,and root dry matter accumulation was 5.13 g and 4.82 g under A1B3 and A2B3 treatments,respectively.After straw mulching,the leaf area of C.pilosula treated with A1B4 and A2B3 increased by 80.86%and 60.28%,respectively,compared with CK1.The photosynthesis of C.pilosula under straw mulching increased by 46.83%and 12.07%compared with CK1 and CK2,respectively,and the average intercellular CO2 concentration was 32.06%lower than that of CK1.The results also showed that the yield of C.pilosula significantly increased,and the yield increased by 27.21%and 25.53%compared to CK1 and CK2,respectively.

关 键 词：中药材 党参 秸秆覆盖 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培] S343.1[农业科学—作物学]