寒地粳稻产量及其主要构成性状间的关系  

Relationship between yield and main components of Japonica rice in cold region

作　　者：李洪亮[1] 孙玉友[1] 侯国强[2] 程杜娟[1] 刘春光[1] 徐德海[1] 王丽[1] 时新瑞[1] LI Hongliang;SUN Yuyou;HOU Guoqiang;CHENG Dujuan;LIU Chunguang;XU Dehai;WANG Li;SHI Xinrui(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157041,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第3期107-112,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院科研计划项目(2019CGJL005,2019JJPY016,2020FJZX016);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-55);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX02)。

摘　　要：对138份寒地粳稻材料的产量及其主要构成性状间关联性进行分析。结果表明,产量非直接构成因素株高和穗长与产量呈显著正相关(0.32**和0.25**),株高和穗长均与穗粒数呈显著正相关(0.49**和0.45**),而穗长与结实率呈显著负相关(-0.20*)。在产量直接构成因素互作分析中,除穗数×穗粒数×千粒重三者互作与产量呈显著负相关外(-0.71**),其余任意两者或三者互作与产量均呈显著正相关。其中,穗数×穗粒数×结实率三者互作对产量影响最大(0.87**),穗数×穗粒数×千粒重三者互作对产量的影响次之(-0.71**),在各因素对产量性状的互作影响中穗数和穗粒数两者发挥出的作用最大,其次是结实率,千粒重影响作用最小。通径分析也表明穗数和穗粒数对产量的通径系数数值明显高于结实率和千粒重对产量的通径系数数值(分别为3.3929、3.5379和1.8900、2.5511,以高产型品种为例),说明穗数和穗粒数是寒地粳稻产量高低的决定性因素。综合所述,充分协调好穗数和穗粒数的矛盾关系是寒地粳稻获得高产的基础,同时应兼顾结实率和千粒重对产量的影响作用,尤其是在高产类型品种中,千粒重对产量的影响作用有明显的提升趋势。In this study,138 Japonica rice materials in cold region were tested to analyze the correlation between yield and its main components.The results showed that the plant height and panicle length were significantly positively correlated with yield(0.32**and 0.25**),and the plant height and panicle length were significantly positively correlated with spike number(0.49**and 0.45**).The panicle length was significantly negatively correlated with seed setting rate(-0.20*).In the interaction analysis of the direct components of yield,except for the number of panicles×the number of grains per spike×1000-grain weight was significantly negatively correlated with yield(-0.71**).The other two or three interactions had significantly positively correlation with yield.The interaction of ear number×grains per spike×seed setting rate had the greatest effect on yield(0.87**).The number of panicles×grains per spike×1000-grain weight had the second effect on yield(-0.71**).Among the interaction effects of various factors on yield traits,the number of panicles and grains per spike played the most important role,followed by seed setting rate,and the effect of 1000-grain weight on yield was the least.Path analysis also showed that the path coefficient values of the number of panicles and grains per spike to yield were significantly higher than those of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight to yield(3.3929 and 3.5379>1.8900 and 2.5511,taking high-yielding varieties for example).It indicated that the number of panicles and grains per spike were the decisive factors for the yield of Japonica rice in the cold region.In conclusion,fully coordinating the relationship between the number of panicles and grains per spike was the basis for high yield of Japonica rice in cold region.At the same time,the effect of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight on yield should be taken into account.Especially in high-yield varieties,the effect of 1000-grain weight on yield had a significantly increasing trend.

关 键 词：寒地粳稻 穗数×穗粒数×结实率 互作 产量 通径分析 

分 类 号：S511.2+2[农业科学—作物学]