豆-麦复种模式对豫西丘陵区土壤团聚体及碳氮含量的影响  

Effects of legume-wheat multi-cropping system on the soil aggregates and carbon and nitrogen contents in the hilly area of Western Henan Province

作　　者：乔鑫鑫 李乾云 王艳芳[1] 尹飞[1] 焦念元[1] 付国占[1] 刘领[1] QIAO Xinxin;LI Qianyun;WANG Yanfang;YIN Fei;JIAO Nianyuan;FU Guozhan;LIU Ling(College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第3期145-153,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700367);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301101);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2016GGJS-062);河南科技大学学科提升振兴A计划项目(13660002)。

摘　　要：为了探究豆-麦复种模式对豫西旱作农田土壤团聚体稳定性及C、N含量的影响,在2014—2019年采用田间定位试验,设置玉米-小麦复种模式(CK)、花生-小麦复种模式(PW)和大豆-小麦复种模式(SW)3个处理。于2019年10月采集0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤样品,利用湿筛法分析了土壤水稳性团聚体组成、稳定性以及团聚体各粒级有机碳和全氮含量。结果表明:土壤水稳性团聚体主要分布在0.25~2 mm粒级(占40.6%~64.9%),与CK相比,PW和SW处理可显著增加0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层>2 mm、0.25~2 mm粒级水稳性团聚体比重。在0~20 cm土层,PW和SW处理下>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体(WR0.25),与CK相比分别显著增加11.0%、15.3%,土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)分别显著降低20.7%、34.2%,土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)分别显著增加7.7%、20.4%,几何平均直径(GMD)分别显著增加25.5%和42.4%,分形维数(D)分别显著降低10.2%、14.5%。PW和SW处理使0~20 cm土层>2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮含量分别较CK增加18.1%、51.2%和24.5%、81.6%,0.25~2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮含量分别较CK增加20.1%、29.9%和21.2%、24.6%,3种复种模式下0~20 cm土层的有机碳、全氮含量高于20~40 cm土层。SW处理在0~20 cm土层的>2 mm、0.25~2 mm、<0.053 mm粒级团聚体对土壤C和N的贡献率显著高于CK处理,分别高出143.1%、14.6%、39.2%和105.6%、13.9%、53.2%。综上所述,大豆-小麦复种模式长期种植能显著提升土壤C、N含量,促进土壤大团聚体的形成和稳定,对改善农田0~20 cm耕层土壤团聚体稳定性具有显著的效果。In order to investigate the effects of legume-wheat multi-cropping system on soil aggregate stability and its C and N distribution in the hilly area of Western Henan Province,a field experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2019.The tested annual rotation systems were maize-wheat(CK),peanut-wheat(PW),and soybean-wheat multiple cropping system(SW).Soil samples were collected from 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers,the composition and stability of soil aggregates,as well as the distribution characteristics of organic carbon(C)and total nitrogen(N)in different particle size aggregates were analyzed by wet sieving methods.The results showed that soil water-stable aggregates were mainly distributed in 0.25~2 mm(40.6%~64.9%).Compared with the control,PW and SW treatments significantly increased the proportion of>2 mm and 0.25~2 mm water-stable aggregates in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers.In the 0~20 cm soil layer,PW and SW treatments significantly increased the water-stable aggregate(WR0.25)>0.25 mm by 11.0%and 15.3%,decreased unstable soil aggregate index(ELT)by 20.7%and 34.2%,increased the mean weight diameter(MWD)of soil aggregate by 7.7%and 20.4%,increased the geometric mean diameter(GMD)by 25.5%and 42.4%,and decreased the fractal dimension(D)by 10.2%and 14.5%,respectively,when compared with that of the CK.In the 0~20 cm soil layer,compared with the control,PW and SW treatments significantly increased the contents of organic C in aggregate>2 mm by 18.1%and 51.2%and total N by 24.5%and 81.6%,the 0.25~2 mm aggregate increased by 20.1%,29.9%and 21.2%,24.6%,respectively.The contents of organic C and total N in 0~20 cm soil layer were higher than those in 20~40 cm soil layer.The contribution rates of aggregates>2 mm,0.25~2 mm,and<0.053 mm of SW treatment were significantly higher than that of the control by 143.1%,14.6%,39.2%and 105.6%,13.9%,and 53.2%in the 0~20 cm soil layer.In conclusion,the long-term application with the soybean-wheat multiple-cropping system had significant advantages in increasing soil C and N conte

关 键 词：花生-小麦复种模式 大豆-小麦复种模式 土壤团聚体 有机碳 全氮 豫西丘陵区 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S344.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]