怎样把“语言游戏”玩下去?——后期维特根斯坦的事实与价值悖论  

How Could We Play the “Language Game”:An Analysis of the Paradox of Fact and Value in Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy

作　　者：刘清平 LIU Qingping

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院 [2]武汉传媒学院人文学院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2021年第3期51-62,131,共13页Yuejiang Academic Journal

摘　　要：在后期语言哲学中,维特根斯坦将关注点从事实描述的维度转移到了价值诉求的维度,着重考察了"语意即语用"现象以及"语言游戏"与"生活形式"的紧密关联,在一定程度上纠正了前期语言哲学片面强调事实描述的"严重谬误"。不过,由于坚持事实与价值的二元对立架构,没能看到需要联结两者的枢纽作用,他又矫枉过正地走向了另一个极端,不仅贬抑了日常语言的事实描述功能,而且依据"家族相似"理念采取了不划边界的含混态度,拒绝承认多样性的语言游戏具有统一性的普遍本质,结果在语言规则问题上落入了一方面主张"怎样都行",另一方面要求人们"必须接受"的悖论,并且说不清楚人们怎样才能把语言游戏自由地玩下去。In his later philosophy of language,Wittgenstein shifts his focus from the dimension of fact-description to the dimension of value-pursuit.He ascribes the meanings of words to their uses and stresses the connection of“language game”with the“form of life”,thereby correcting the“grave mistakes”of one-sided emphasis on fact-description in his early philosophy of language.Due to his insistence on the dichotomy between fact and value and failing to see the needs􀆳role of linking them,however,he not only belittles the fact-description function of daily language,but also adopts an ambiguous attitude without drawing boundaries according to his idea of“family resemblance”and refuses to recognize the common essence of diverse language games in their unity.Therefore,he falls into an inner paradox in his study of language rules by advocating“whatever goes”on the one hand and“have to be accepted”on the other hand,with the result that he does not make it clear how people should play the language game freely.

关 键 词：维特根斯坦 语意即语用 语言游戏 生活形式 家族相似 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]