从不种地农民也能领取农业补贴谈起——兼论农业“三项补贴”改革后的补贴发放方式  

Did Off-farm Farmer Shouldn’t Get Agricultural Subsidy?:Concurrent Comments on the Method of Subsidy Payment after the“Three Agricultural Subsidy”Reform

作　　者：冷博峰[1] 李谷成[1] 冯中朝[1] LENG Bofeng;LI Gucheng;FENG Zhongchao

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2021年第5期54-65,共12页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中国农业全要素生产率增长的微观基础及若干农业政策的生产率效应评估”(编号:71873050);国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下我国农业全要素生产率提升战略研究”(编号:18ZDA072);华中农业大学博士研究生创新研究工程项目“基于农户认知与决策视角的粮食主产区精准化利益补偿机制构建研究”(编号:2014bs33)。

摘　　要：转出土地不再从事农业生产的农民却领取根据农户土地承包面积发放的农业补贴,这引起了不小的批评。本文从补贴的分配效应、农地经营规模、非农就业、市场扭曲、基层政府的工作难度、WTO农业补贴规则、当前土地流转比例、农民心理感受和代际补偿性等方面,以当前实行的耕地地力保护补贴和适度规模经营补贴为例,讨论了按照承包面积发放补贴的合理性与局限性。研究发现,2016年中国农业"三项补贴"改革之后,实行的主要农业补贴项目的发放方式是恰当的。基于研究结论,对未来"十四五"期间的补贴发放方式提出以下建议:(1)耕地地力保护补贴继续在主要根据农户承包面积发放的基础上,压实耕地地力保护责任;(2)适度规模经营补贴继续在依据规模农业经营主体实际经营面积发放的基础上,采取更加多元灵活的发放方式;(3)其它按照土地面积发放补贴的项目参照农业"三项补贴"改革思路,对普通农户与当期生产面积脱钩,按照固定的基期生产面积进行补贴,对规模农业经营主体按照当期生产面积进行补贴,并将增量补贴资金向其适度倾斜。Some of the current farm subsidy projects,which were paid off according to the amount of farmers contracting area,have led to subsidized for farmers who turned their rural farmland transfer out and no longer engaged in agricultural production,drawing some criticism.This paper based on the current practice of farmland productivity protection subsidy and moderate scale management subsidy as examples,from the allocation effect of the subsidy,the difficulty of grass-roots government’s work,the rules of the WTO agricultural subsidy policy,large-scale operations of farmland,farmer’s off-farm work,farmer’s mental feeling,the current land transfer ratio,market distortion and intergenerational compensation,etc.,discusses the rationality and limitations of subsidy programs which were paid off according to the amount of farmers contracting area.The conclusion shows that,after the"Three agricultural subsidy"reform in 2016,the disbursement method of major agricultural subsidy projects in China is suitable.Based on the research conclusions,the following suggestions are made for the future subsidy disbursement method the 14 th five-year-plan period:(1)on the basis of the farmland productivity protection subsidy continue to be distributed mainly according to farmers contracting area,the responsibility of farmland productivity protection should be compacted.(2)On the basis of the moderate scale management subsidy continue to be distributed according to the actual operating area of large-scale agricultural operation entities,the subsidy disbursement mechanism should be more diversified and flexible.(3)Other subsidy projects which distributed according to land area should follow the reform thought of"Three agricultural subsidies".For ordinary farmers,subsidy disbursement method should decouple from current production area,and using a fixed base year production area as a substitute.For large-scale agricultural operation entities,subsidy disbursement method should according to current production area,and appropriately tilting t

关 键 词：农业补贴 承包面积 耕地地力保护补贴 适度规模经营补贴 分配效应 

分 类 号：F812.8[经济管理—财政学]