水力机械的轴向与径向水推力引发的故障问题与诊断  

The Fault Characteristics and Diagnosis of Axial and Radial Water Thrust of Hydraulic Machinery

作　　者：张弋扬[1] 蔡俊鹏 何成连[1] 刘健[2] ZHANG Yiyang;CAI Junpeng;HE Chenglian;LIU Jian(China Water Resources Bei Fang Investingation Design&Research CO.LTD,Tianjin 300222,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津市300222 [2]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京市100084

出　　处：《水电与抽水蓄能》2021年第3期37-40,共4页Hydropower and Pumped Storage

摘　　要：本文介绍了水力机械运行中常见的轴向与径向水推力。目前水推力的测量与调节难度比较大,行业给予的重视程度还不够;对于机组轴向水推力的研究相对较多,而对于径向水推力的研究较少且径向水推力的测量技术也存在着一定的滞后性。本文结合对实际工程的故障诊断案例,对高水头混流式水轮机、双吸离心泵、立式轴流泵由于水推力产生的抬机、扫膛、偏磨等问题的诊断检测与处理进行了分析,提出了传统在转轮上开设平衡孔的方法无法对轴向力进行调节还会将水压力脉动传至顶盖,不利于机组稳定运行;还指出了双蜗壳设计有利于降低无导叶的蜗壳式离心泵的径向水推力等。本文还对水力机械轴向力、径向力检测分析方法进行了论述,提出了对水力机械水推力改善和调节的一些想法。The paper introduces the common axial and radial hydraulic thrust of the hydraulic machinery.Currently,it is difficult to measure and adjust the hydraulic thrust,and the industry has not paid enough attention to it.There are many studies on the axial hydraulic thrust,but few on the radial hydraulic thrust.The measurement technology of the radial hydraulic thrust also has a hysteresis.This paper,based on the fault diagnosis cases,analyzes the raising-turbine accident,sweep chamber,and eccentric wear in the high-head Francis turbines,double-suction centrifugal pumps,and vertical axial flow pumps,that are caused by hydraulic thrust.The results show that the traditional method of opening balance holes on the runner cannot adjust the axial force and will transmit the pressure pulsation to the head cover,which is not conducive to the stable operation of the unit.The paper points out that the design of double volute is beneficial to reduce the radial hydraulic thrust of the volute centrifugal pump without guide vanes.The paper discusses the detection and analysis methods of hydraulic machinery's axial thrust and radial thrust,and puts forward some suggestions on the improvement and adjustment of hydraulic machinery's hydraulic thrust.

关 键 词：水力机械 轴向水推力 径向水推力 故障特征和诊断 

分 类 号：TV34[水利工程—水工结构工程]