城市污水再生处理中微量有机污染物控制的关键难题与解决思路  

Key Problems and Novel Strategy of Controlling Emerging Trace Organic Contaminants During Municipal Wastewater Reclamation

作　　者：王文龙 吴乾元 杜烨[2] 黄南 陆韻 魏东斌[4] 胡洪营 WANG Wen-long;WU Qian-yuan;DU Ye;HUANG Nan;LU Yun;WEI Dong-bin;HU Hong-ying(Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety,Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen,Institute of Environment and Ecology,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,China;College of Architecture&Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610000,China;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,广东省城市水循环与环境安全工程中心,深圳518055 [2]四川大学建筑与环境学院,成都610000 [3]清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,环境前沿技术北京实验室,北京100084 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [5]清华-伯克利深圳学院,深圳环境科学与新能源技术工程实验室,深圳518055

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第6期2573-2582,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51738005)。

摘　　要：城市污水中的一些微量有机污染物(TOrCs)具有浓度低、风险高和去除难等特点,是污水再生处理研究的热点,但其控制面临"四难"问题.首先,TOrCs浓度低,其化学检测面临结构定性难和浓度定量误差大等问题;其次,TOrCs的风险评价结果受评价物种、毒性终点等影响,优先控制TOrCs种类及浓度限值确定难;再次,TOrCs占总有机碳比例小于0.01%,其处理过程面临选择性弱和效率低难题;此外,城市污水中污染物组分复杂变化大,TOrCs处理工艺运行面临调控难及时、处理效率评价和管理困难等问题.针对以上难题,本文提出利用TOrCs非靶向筛查和"指纹图谱"克服TOrCs浓度检测和处理效率评价难题的新思路,发展去除能力标准、处理技术标准和替代性指标体系支撑TOrCs处理技术开发和工艺运行管理的新体系,指导TOrCs风险控制.Emerging trace organic contaminants(TOrCs)have been ubiquitously detected in municipal wastewater.TOrCs show low concentrations but are usually harmful to aquatic biota and recalcitrant to treatments.The advanced treatment of TOrCs is challenged by four main aspects.First,it is hard to qualify the chemical structure and concentrations of TOrCs,which are typically very low.Second,risk assessment results vary with the selection of target-species and toxicity-endpoints,which makes it hard to regulate priority lists and concentration limits.Third,TOrCs account for less than 0.01%of the total organics in wastewater.Thus,TOrCs cannot be selectively and efficiently removed by conventional treatments.Fourth,it is hard to optimize and manage the treatment trains of TOrCs.In this manuscript,a new strategy combing non-targeting TOrC screening and TOrC"fingerprinting"are proposed to overcome the difficulties of quantification and treatment optimization.Based on this,the standards and regulations to control the TOrCs in reclaimed water should be developed on the basis of elimination efficiency rather than concentration.

关 键 词：再生水 微量有机污染物(TOrCs) 水质安全 深度处理 控制标准 环境风险 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]