三种油料作物对土壤Pb污染的耐受性与积累  

Tolerance and accumulation of lead in three oil crops to lead pollution in soil

作　　者：厉有为 梁婵娟[1,2] Youwei LI;Chanjuan LIANG(Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biological Technology,School of Environmental and Civil Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,214122,China;Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,Wuxi,214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室,江南大学环境与土木工程学院,无锡214122 [2]江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,无锡214122

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第5期1602-1610,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971407,31370517);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20161131)资助。

摘　　要：为了选取具有修复Pb污染土壤潜力的油料作物,采用盆栽实验考察了不同浓度Pb(100、250、500、1000 mg·kg^(−1))处理下3种常见油料作物(大豆、向日葵和油菜)对Pb的耐受性和积累能力的差异,并对经济性进行评估.3种油料作物生长、光合、Pb积累及含油率的结果显示,100 mg·kg^(−1) Pb对3种油料作物生长无影响.在250—1000 mg·kg^(−1) Pb处理下大豆生长最好,其次是向日葵和油菜.随土壤中Pb浓度升高,Pb对3种油料作物的不利影响表现为,初始荧光F0呈现增加趋势而净光合速率Pn、潜在光合活性Fv/F0、PSII最大光化学量子产量QY_max呈现降低趋势.另外,大豆光合参数变幅最小,反映其对Pb的耐受性强于向日葵和油菜.3种油料作物对Pb的积累与Pb处理浓度显著相关,地上部Pb积累量均高于根,且大豆最高,向日葵次之,油菜最低.所有Pb处理下,大豆籽实中含油率与对照相比无显著变化.大豆籽实中Pb含量低于向日葵和油菜,符合饲料卫生标准.综上,基于比较3种油料作物在相同生长时期内,对Pb的耐受和积累能力以及经济价值实现的可能性,大豆可以被认为是修复Pb污染土壤的合适选择.To select oil crops that have the potential for remediating Pb-contaminated soil,we investigated the differences in Pb tolerance and accumulation capacity of three commom oil crops(soybean,sunflower and rape)and evaluated their ecomonics by pot experiments under different concentrations of Pb treatments(100,250,500,1000 mg·kg^(−1)).Results of growth,photosynthesis,Pb accumulation and oil content of three oil crops showed that 100 mg·kg^(−1) Pb had no effect on the growth of three oil crops compared to the control.Treated with the concentration of Pb at range from 250 to 1000 mg·kg^(−1),soybean grew best,followed by sunflower and rape.With the increase of Pb concentration in soil,the adverse effect caused by Pb on photosynthesis of three oil crops was showed by the increase in the minimal fluorescence(F0)and the decrease in the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),potential photosynthetic activity(Fv/F0)and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII(QY_max).In addition,photosynthetic parameters of soybean had the smallest variation,showing that it had the highest tolerance to Pb compared to sunflower and rape.The accumulation of Pb in three oil crops was significantly correlated to the concentration of Pb treatments.Pb accumulation in aboveground part of three oil crops was higher than that in roots,and soybean was the highest,followed by sunflower,and rape was the lowest.Under all concentrations of Pb treatments,the oil content of soybean seeds had no significant change compared to the control.The Pb content in seeds of soybean was lower than that of sunflower and rape,meeting the feed hygiene standards.In conclusion,soybean can be considered as an appropriate option for remediating Pb contaminated soil based on the comparison of Pb tolerance and accumulation capacity of three oil crops at the same growth stage,as well as the realization possibility of economic value.

关 键 词：铅污染土壤 植物提取 油料作物 光合作用 铅积累 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173