侵犯公民个人信息罪的法益重构:从私法权利回归公法权利  

Redefining the Legal Interests in Criminalization of the Infringement of Citizens’Personal Information:A Shift from Private Law Rights to Public Law Rights

作　　者：欧阳本祺[1] Ouyang Benqi

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2021年第3期55-68,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“信息网络犯罪司法适用疑难问题研究”(ZGFYZDKT202008-04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：侵犯公民个人信息罪的法益不是私法上的个人信息自决权。个人信息不等于个人私有信息,个人对其信息并不具有完全的排他性支配权。侵犯公民个人信息罪的法益观应该从私法角度转向公法角度,刑法保护个人信息的目的不是确权,而是规避风险。公法上的个人信息受保护权既不是私法上的个人信息自决权,也不是超个人的信息公共安全。个人信息按照其私密性高低,分别属于三个不同领域,即最核心层的隐私领域、中间层的私人领域、最外层的社会领域。个人信息所属的不同领域直接影响到本罪构成要件符合性的判断。个人同意并不是本罪违法性判断的决定性因素,获得个人同意的行为当然不应该构成犯罪,但未获得个人同意的行为也可能不构成犯罪。The legal interest in the criminalization of the infringement of citizens’personal information is not the right to self-determination of personal information in the sense of the private law,for personal information is not equal to private one,to which a person has exclusive rights.Therefore,to redefine the legal interest in criminalizing the infringement of citizens’personal information,it is better to shift from the perspective of private law to that of public law,because the purpose of criminal law in protecting personal information is to avoid risks rather than confirm rights.However,it must be further clarified that personal information protection in public law is not for the interest of the public security of information that transcends the individual person,either.In fact,personal information could be classified into three different domains,namely,the private domain at the core level,the personal domain in the middle and the outer social domain.The type of personal information determines whether the act of providing or acquiring such information constitutes a crime or not.On the contrary,getting the informed consent is not the decisive factor.If the personal information is acquired or provided with the informed consent from the person concerned,such an act definitely doesn’t constitute a crime.But without the informed consent,such an act does not necessarily constitute a crime,either.

关 键 词：侵犯公民个人信息罪 个人信息自决权 个人信息受保护权 领域理论 同意 

分 类 号：D924.34[政治法律—刑法学]