3个小偃麦衍生系的形态学、细胞学及抗逆性鉴定  

Identification of Morphology,Cytology and Stress Resistance of Three Lines Derived from a Wheat-Thinopyrum Hybrid

作　　者：刘秀 姚锐 韩玉翠 任学军 林小虎 郭振清 LIU Xiu;YAO Rui;HAN Yucui;REN Xuejun;LIN Xiaohu;GUO Zhenqing(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology(in Preparation),Qinhuangdao Hebei,066600,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院,河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室(筹),河北秦皇岛066600

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报》2021年第2期15-19,共5页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(项目编号:2017YFD300908-3)。

摘　　要：为明确小偃麦衍生系的形态学、细胞学及抗逆性特点,选择八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦的衍生后代SNHE2017075,SNHE2017083,SNHE2017091等3个材料,对其形态学和细胞学特点以及白粉病抗性和抗寒性等性状进行了鉴定。结果表明,3个小偃麦衍生系田间整齐度好,株型紧凑,植株较矮,分蘖能力强。细胞学鉴定结果显示,3个材料根尖体细胞染色体数目均为2n=42,花粉母细胞第一次减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMⅠ)不存在单价体或多价体,基本结构为环状二价体,染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;减数分裂后期I(PMCAⅠ)不存在落后染色体、染色体桥等现象,分离正常。种质材料SNHE2017075,SNHE2017083,SNHE2017091在遗传学和细胞学上已具有良好的稳定性。白粉病抗性鉴定表明,SNHE2017075对白粉病表现高抗,而SNHE2017083和SNHE2017091表现中抗;3个材料在冀东麦区抗寒性表现优良,可以作为育种新材料用于小麦新品种选育。SNHE2017075,SNHE2017083,SNHE2017091 were selected to clarify the morphology,cytology and stress resistance of derived lines from a wheat-Thinopyrum hybrid,and their morphological and cytological characteristics,powdery mildew resistance and cold resistance were identified.The results showed that the three derived lines from a wheat-Thinopyrum hybrid had good field uniformity,compact plant type,shorter plant height,and better tillering ability.The results of cytological identification showed that the chromosome numbers of root tip somatic cells of the three materials were 2n=42.The first meiosis of pollen mother cells was normal,it did not have univalent or multivalent,and composed of cricoid bivalent basically with 2n=21Ⅱchromosome configuration in medium-termⅠ(PMCM I).Lagging chromosome or chromosome bridge didn’t exist in anaphaseⅠ(PMCA I).Germplasm materials including SNHE2017075,SNHE2017083,and SNHE2017091 had shown good stability in genetics and cytology.The identification of resistance to powdery mildew showed that SNHE2017075 was highly resistant to powdery mildew,while both SNHE2017083 and SNHE2017091 were moderately resistant to powdery mildew;the three materials showed excellent cold resistance in the eastern Hebei province,which could be used as the new germplasm for wheat breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 小偃麦 远缘杂交 减数分裂 白粉病抗性 抗寒性 

分 类 号：S512.9[农业科学—作物学] S326