餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化工艺中甲烷转化率及其限制性因素  

Analysis of restrictive factors of methane conversion based on organic composition in dry anaerobic digestion of food waste

作　　者：宋云鹏 刘吉宝[1,3] 陈梅雪[1,3] 郑嘉熹[1,2,3] 桂双林 魏源送[1,2,3,4] SONG Yunpeng;LIU Jibao;CHEN Meixue;ZHENG Jiaxi;GUI Shuanglin;WEI Yuansong(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Department of Water Pollution Control Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Institute of Energy,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100085 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,水污染控制实验室,北京100085 [4]江西省科学院,能源研究所,南昌330096

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第5期1697-1707,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100603)。

摘　　要：餐厨垃圾的有机组成是影响其干式厌氧消化甲烷转化率的重要因素。通过批量实验并结合混料模型设计,以馒头、豆腐和食用油分别代表餐厨垃圾中多糖类、蛋白质类和脂质类为主的底物,研究餐厨垃圾有机组成对干式厌氧消化各有机组分降解率、甲烷产生量的影响;并探讨了餐厨垃圾有机组分降解对甲烷转化率的限制性因素。结果表明,多糖、蛋白质和脂质的平均降解率分别为62.87%、41.96%和29.62%;餐厨垃圾中多糖和蛋白质比例的增加会显著降低甲烷转化率,而脂质比例的增加显著提升了甲烷转化率。此外,高多糖比例的餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化可导致pH降到7以下,产甲烷菌可利用的碳源以CO2的形式散失;高蛋白质比例下蛋白质结构发生转化,难以被微生物进一步利用;甲烷转化率与脂质降解率具有正相关性,高脂质比例下产甲烷速率在初期受限,因而导致较长的迟滞期。本研究结果有助于优化有机组成以提高餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化甲烷转化率。Organic composition is an important factor which influences the methane conversion in dry anaerobic digestion of food waste.The effects of organic composition on organic degradation and methane conversion were investigated in dry anaerobic digestion of food waste based on the batch mode experiments,in which steamed bread,tofu,and oil were represented polysaccharide-rich,protein-rich,and lipid-rich food waste,respectively.And the restrictive factors of methane conversion were further discussed.Results showed that,the average degradation rate of polysaccharide,protein and lipid was 62.87%,41.96%,and 29.62%,respectively.Methane conversion rate decreased with increasing proportion of polysaccharide and protein,while that increased with increasing proportion of lipid.Dry anaerobic digestion of food waste with high proportion of polysaccharides resulted in pH below 7,and the available carbon source of methanogens was lost in the form of CO2.Protein structure was transformed under high protein ratio,which was difficult to be further utilized by microorganisms.There was a positive correlation between the rate of methane conversion and lipid degradation.The rate of methane production was limited at the initial stage of anaerobic digestion under high lipid ratio,resulting in a longer lag period.The results of this study are helpful to optimize the organic composition and improve the methane conversion rate of dry anaerobic digestion of food waste.

关 键 词：有机组成 甲烷转化率 干式厌氧消化 餐厨垃圾 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]