海南荔枝炭疽病病原菌鉴定及遗传多样性分析  

Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Litchi chinensis Colletotrichum spp.in Hainan

作　　者：李少卡 赵亚 王祥和[1] 胡福初[1] 陈哲[1] 范鸿雁[1] LI Shao-Ka;ZHAO Ya;WANG Xiang-He;HU Fu-Chu;CHEN Zhe;FAN Hong-Yan(Tropical Fruit Trees Institute,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Investigation Station of Tropical Fruit Trees,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province/Research Center of Tropical Fruit Tree Breeding Engineering Technology of Hainan Province,Haikou 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所/农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站/海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室/海南省热带果树育种工程技术研究中心,海口571100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2021年第4期673-687,共15页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2018236);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202100)。

摘　　要：炭疽病是荔枝(Litchi chinensis)生产的重要病害,严重限制了荔枝产业的发展。为明确海南荔枝炭疽病病原菌(Colletotrichum spp.)的种类构成、优势种群以及在海南小区域空间内不同种群间的分布与地理来源的关系。本研究于2018~2019年对海南各荔枝种植产区进行了炭疽病发生危害调查及采样,共采集病样217份,通过柯赫氏法则鉴定分离病原79株;采用转录间隔区序列(internal transcribed spacers,ITS)、肌动蛋白基因(actin,ACT)、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、β-微管蛋白(β-tubulin,TUB2)、几丁质合成酶(chitin synthetase,CHS-1)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(giutamine synthetase,GS)5个基因联合分析及交配型(mating type,Mat)基因ApMat(apn2 and Mat1-2-1)对海南荔枝炭疽病菌种类构成、分布与地理关系及各地区间种群遗传变异进行研究。结果表明,引起海南荔枝炭疽病的病原菌种类有尖孢炭疽(Colletotrichum acutadum)和胶孢炭疽复合群下的胶孢炭疽(C.gloeospoiorides)、果生炭疽(C.fructicola)、暹罗炭疽(C.siamense)、亚洲炭疽(C.asianum)、香蕉炭疽(C.musae)、卡哈瓦炭疽菌(C.kahawas subsp.kahawae)和哈锐炭疽菌(C.horri),在种类构成上具有较大的丰富性,并且胶孢炭疽菌为优势病原菌群;各种类菌株在来源上不具有地理区域性、各地理菌株遗传距离较接近,其病原菌分布与地理无明显相关性;遗传变异来源主要在地理种群间。本研究为深入研究荔枝炭疽病的发生、防治以及进一步的抗病育种工作提供一定的理论基础。Anthrax is an important disease in litchi(Litchi chinensis)production,which severely limits the development of the litchi industry.In order to clarify the species composition,the dominant population of the pathogen of litchi anthracnose in Hainan,and the correlativity between the distribution of different populations in the spatial area of Hainan and the geographical source.This article conducted an investigation and sampling of the occurrence of anthracnose tissues in the litchi planting areas of Hainan from 2018 to 2019,and the isolation and purification of pathogenic microorganisms and the verification of Koch’s law was proceeded;Using combined analysis of multiple genes(internal transcribed spacers(ITS),partial actin(ACT),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),chitin synthetase(CHS-1),β-tubulin(TUB),giutamine synthetase(GS)and mating type(ApMat))to research the species composition,distribution and geographical relationship of Hainan litchi anthracnose,as well as the genetic diversity of populations in different regions.A total of 79 strains of litchi anthracnose pathogens were isolated in this study.The results showed that the mainly species of pathogens causing litchi anthracnose were C.acutadum and the complex group C.gloeospoiorides species,including C.fructicola,C.siamense,C.asianum,C.musae,C.kahawas subsp.kahawae and C.horri,which had greater abundance in species composition in Hainan,as the dominant pathogenic group was C.gloeosporioides;Various strains do not have geographic regionality in origin.The geographical regionality and the genetic distance of each geographical strain were relatively close,and the distribution of pathogens had no obvious correlation with geography;the source of genetic variation was mainly among geographic populations.This study provides a theoretical basis for a more in-depth study of the occurrence rules,control measures of litchi anthracnose and further breeding for disease resistance.

关 键 词：荔枝炭疽病 多基因系统发育分析 优势种群 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]