我国蝗虫防治用药登记变化规律分析及趋势展望  

Advances and Prospects of Pesticides Registered for Controlling Locusts and Grasshoppers in China

作　　者：毛连纲[1] 涂雄兵[1] 刘新刚[1,2] 张兰 张燕宁[1] 朱丽珍[1] 郑永权 蒋红云[1] MAO Liangang;TU Xiongbing;LIU Xingang;ZHANG Lan;ZHANG Yanning;ZHU Lizhen;ZHENG Yongquan;JIANG Hongyun(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Beijing 100193,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangxi Guilin 541399,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]农业农村部桂林作物有害生物科学观测实验站,广西桂林541399

出　　处：《现代农药》2021年第3期1-6,12,共7页MODERN AGROCHEMICALS

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200200);国家自然科学基金(31801769);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2020YJ02)。

摘　　要：笔者对中国农药信息网公布登记用于防治蝗虫类药剂的信息(已过有效期和目前登记的药剂)进行查询,分别从农药分类、毒性、剂型、防治对象、施药方式和推荐用量等方面分析我国蝗虫防治用药登记变化规律,并针对目前存在的问题,对未来的登记趋势进行展望。结果发现,目前登记的蝗虫防治药剂条目中微生物农药,如绿僵菌、白僵菌和蝗虫微孢子虫和植物源农药,如苦参碱和印楝素占比大幅增加,但拟除虫菊酯类,如溴氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯以及有机磷类,如马拉硫磷等化学农药仍占多数(占比74.5%)。登记农药毒性由以中等毒为主(占比62.5%)向以低毒为主(占比84.3%)转变。推荐有效成分用量整体大幅降低,其中最高用量由有效成分为3000 g/hm^(2)降为607.5 g/hm^(2),降幅达79.8%。此外,单剂仍占多数(占比88.2%),剂型仍以乳油为主(占比70.6%),施药方式仍以喷雾为主(占比84.3%)。防治对象由以农区蝗虫为主,转变为农区蝗虫和草原蝗虫防治并重。未来我国蝗虫防治将以生物防治为主,生态治理和化学防治为辅。因此,随着人们对生态环境的保护意识不断提高,微生物农药、植物源农药等高效低风险防蝗产品将成为未来的登记趋势。In this paper,the information of pesticides registered for controlling locusts and grasshoppers on China’s pesticide information network(expired pesticides and currently registered pesticides)was inquired,and their pesticide classification,toxicity grade,formulations,crop sites,targets,application methods and recommended dosage were analyzed,respectively.In view of the existing problems,the future registration trend was prospected.The results showed that the proportion of microbial pesticides,e.g.Metarhizium anisopliae,Beauveria bassiana and Nosema locustae and botanical pesticides,e.g.matrine and azadirachtin increased,but pyrethroid insecticide,e.g.deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin,organophosphate insecticide,e.g.malathion and other chemical pesticides still dominated(accounting for 74.5%).At present,the toxicity of registered pesticides has greatly decreased,from the previous moderate toxicity (accounting for 62.5%) to the low toxicity (accounting for 84.3%), and the recommended active ingredient dosage has been greatly reduced, especially the highest dosage from 3 000 g/hm^(2) to 607.5 g/hm^(2) (79.8% of decrease). Besides, the single pesticides were still the main part (accounting for 88.2%). Emulsifiable oil is still the main formulation (accounting for 70.6%). Spraying is still the main application method (accounting for 84.3%). The controlling targets changed from giving priority to locusts and grasshoppers on rural areas to paying equal attention to locusts and grasshoppers on rural areas and grassland. In the future, biological control will be given priority in controlling locusts and grasshoppers, and ecological regulation and chemical control as the supplement. Therefore, with the continuous improvement of people’s awareness of ecological environment protection, locusts and grasshoppers control products with high efficiency and low risk such as microbial pesticides, botanical pesticides, etc, will become registration trend in the future.

关 键 词：蝗虫 登记用药 化学农药 微生物农药 植物源农药 生物防治 高效低风险 

分 类 号：S433.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]