山口岩水库坝前水域铁、锰垂向分布特征及成因分析  

Vertical Distribution Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Iron and Manganese in the Head Region of Shankouyan Reservoir

作　　者：曾志高 李林[1,2] 刘小昌 王玲 黄琪[1,2] ZENG Zhigao;LI Lin;LIU Xiaochang;WANG Ling;HUANG Qi(College of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,330022,Nanchang,PRC;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,330022,Nanchang,PRC;Pingxiang Shankouyan Reservoir Administration,Water and Water Resources Branch,337000,Pingxiang,Jiangxi,PRC)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学,鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022 [3]萍乡市山口岩水库管理局水政水资源科,江西萍乡337000

出　　处：《江西科学》2021年第3期467-473,共7页Jiangxi Science

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金项目(20151512040994);鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究实验室开放基金项目(PK2013006)。

摘　　要：为探究分层型水源水库坝前水域铁、锰垂向分布特征,于2018年6月至2019年5月对山口岩水库不同深度铁、锰浓度进行监测,并结合坝前水温、溶解氧、pH的变化特征,探讨了铁、锰超标的成因。结果表明:山口岩水库坝前水域水温分布在冬春交汇期为混合型,其余季节属于分层型,溶解氧随水温呈垂向分布,夏季至冬季50 m以下水体均处于厌氧环境,其中冬季30 m以下水体溶解氧浓度在0.2~2 mg/L之间。坝前水体铁、锰浓度垂向分布特征明显,底层水体铁、锰浓度从夏季开始超标一直持续至春初。夏秋季超标集中发生在50 m以下水体,冬季超标范围上升至24 m,浓度达全年最大。表层水体在春季初出现铁、锰浓度超标,4月份铁、锰浓度均降至限值以下。综合分析表明水库坝前水体铁、锰浓度超标的主要原因是沉积物在长时间的厌氧酸性条件下的内源释放,随着水体分层结构稳定性的下降污染范围逐渐增大,冬末春初水体对流加剧是引起表层水体铁、锰超标的原因。In order to explore the vertical distribution characteristics of iron and manganese in the waters of the stratified water source reservoir in front of the dam,the iron and manganese concentrations of Shankouyan Reservoir at different depths were monitored from June 2018 to May 2019.Combined with the change characteristics of water temperature,dissolved oxygen,and pH,the causes of water pollution by iron and manganese were discussed.The results showed that the water temperature in front of the dam was in a mixed state between winter and spring,and it was stratified in the rest of the season.Dissolved oxygen was distributed vertically under the influence of water temperature,and the bottom water below 50 m was in an anaerobic and acidic environment from summer to winter.Particularly in winter,the dissolved oxygen concentration of water below 30 m was between 0.2~2 mg/L.The vertical distribution characteristics of iron and manganese concentration in the water in front of the dam were obvious,and the iron and manganese concentrations in the bottom water exceed the standard from summer to the beginning of spring.In summer and autumn,iron and manganese over-standards were concentrated in the water below 50 m,and the range rose to 24 m in winter,the concentration of iron and manganese was the annual maximum at the same time.The iron and manganese concentrations in the surface water exceeded the standard during early spring,then fell in April.Comprehensive analysis showed that the main reason for water pollution by iron and manganese of the bottom water in front of the dam was the endogenous release of sediment under the anaerobic and acidic conditions.As the stability of the stratified structure of the water body decreased,the scope of pollution gradually increased.Intensified water convection in late winter and early spring was the cause of excessive iron and manganese in surface water.

关 键 词：铁 锰 山口岩水库 分层 内源污染 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]