基于政策工具的我国公共卫生应急管理体系建设政策文本量化分析  

Policies for construction of public health emergency management system in China:a policy tool-based quantitative document text analysis

作　　者：刘霞[1] 闫温馨 刘珏[2] LIU Xia;YAN Wen-xin;LIU Jue(Chinese Preventive Medicine Association,Beijing 100021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中华预防医学会,北京100021 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2021年第5期853-859,共7页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71934002;81703240);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC0846300)。

摘　　要：目的对公共卫生应急管理体系建设相关政策文件进行分析,探讨政策工具侧重点与不足,为优化政策提供参考。方法基于政策工具理论,运用内容分析法,从基本政策工具和应急管理2个维度对我国颁布的7个公共卫生应急管理体系建设相关政策文件进行分析。结果234个政策文本编号中,在基本政策工具维度上,环境型政策工具所占比例最高(60.26%,141/234),其次为供给型政策工具(35.90%,84/234),而需求型政策工具所占比例较低(3.85%,9/234)。在应急管理维度上,事中管理所占比例最高(66.24%,155/234);而事前管理(29.91%,70/234)和事后管理(3.85%,9/234)相对较少。环境型政策工具(46.10%)及需求性政策工具的(22.22%)事前管理比例高于供给性政策工具(3.57%)。结论从基本政策工具维度看,环境型政策工具占绝对优势,供给型政策工具占比适中,需求型政策工具显著短缺。从应急管理维度看,事中管理最为侧重,事前管理和事后管理占比较低。建议加快完善应急管理体系建设相关政策的制定。Objective To analyze the emphasis and insufficiency of policies for the construction of public health emergency management system(PHEMS)in China and to provide references for the optimization of the policies.Methods By searching official websites of relevant departments and affiliated institutions of the State Council,we retrieved policy documents on the PHEMS construction issued from 2004 through 2020.Based on the policy tool theory,we conducted a content analysis on the 7 documents included in the study using a two-dimension(basic policy tool and emergency management)analytical framework.Results From the texts of the 7 documents,totally 234 policy tool-related item elements were coded.Of the 234 item elements,141(60.26%),84(35.90%),and 9(3.85%)corresponded to environment-,supply-,and demand-oriented policy tools in terms of basic policy tool dimension.As for the dimension of emergency management,155(66.24%),70(29.91%),and 9(3.85%)involved in-process,advance management,and post-event management,respectively.Among the item elements categorized as environment-and demand-oriented policy tools,46.10%and 22.22%were involved in advance management and were significantly higher than that(3.57%)among the item elements categorized as supply-oriented policy tools(both P<0.05).Conclusion In documents on basic policy tools for PHEMS construction in China,the majority are the item elements about environment-oriented policy tools,followed by those about supply-oriented tools,but the elements about demand-oriented tools are insufficient in number;from the perspective of emergency management,the number of item elements about in-process are in the largest proportion,while the proportion of elements about advance and post-event management are in lower proportion.The results suggest that the development of PHEMS construction related policies needs to be improved in China.

关 键 词：卫生应急管理 卫生政策 政策工具 量化分析 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]