利益相关方的参与与港口的有效管理--基于英国格里诺克港口管理机构的研究(1773-1965年)  

Stakeholders'Involvement and Effective Harbour Management:Based on the Study of Greenock Harbour Authority(1773-1965)

作　　者：王玉茹[1] 刘梦君 龚宁 Wang Yuru;Liu Mengjun;Gong Ning(Nankai Institute of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Institute of History,Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济研究所,300071 [2]天津社会科学院历史研究所,300191

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2021年第2期130-142,共13页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：2017年国家留学基金资助。

摘　　要：英国作为昔日的海上霸主,其航运业曾一度飞速发展,各个港口也迅速扩张。苏格兰西部的格里诺克港,地理位置优越,却发展缓慢,其港口管理机构甚至发生了财务危机。通常认为,由政府和各利益相关方共同参与港口的建设管理活动是一种有效解决市场失灵和政府失灵问题的方法,但格里诺克港口管理机构在其完全由政府组成的决策层中加入港口使用者和债券持有人的代表后,并没有达到预期效果。进一步探究发现,未能对利益相关方进行准确识别,使得加入理事会中的船主和纳税人代表不能真正代表港口使用者和潜在港口使用者的需求;财务危机发生后,理事会中加入债券持有人代表的同时未能建立有效的协调机制来消除利益相关各方间的种种矛盾与冲突,不利于机构及港口的发展。UK once dominated the sea.Its shipping industry developed rapidly,and so were its various harbours.However,the Greenock Harbour,which has location advantages,developed quite slowly,and its harbour authority used to suffer severe financial difficulties.It is generally believed that the cooperation of government and stakeholders was deemed an effective way to overcome the dual problems of"market failure"and"government failure".Greenock harbour authority experienced two important reforms,involving the representatives of shipowners and ratepayers as well as bondholders in their trustees,but the participation of these stakeholders wasn't effective.Through further study,we found that the representatives of shipowners and ratepayers in the trustees failed to truly represent the needs of all its harbour users and its potential users.Adding representatives of bondholders in the trustees without establishing an effective coordination mechanism at the same time,left various contradictions and conflicts among stakeholders unresolved,which is not conducive to the development of harbour authority and the harbour itself.

关 键 词：英国格里诺克 准公共物品 财务危机 理事会结构 

分 类 号：F555.61[经济管理—产业经济]