当代汉语名词形容词化的表现形式及其形成机制——以“渣”为例  

The Pattern of Manifestation and Formation Mechanism of Noun Adjectivization in Contemporary Chinese——Taking Zha(渣)as an Example

作　　者：代宗艳 DAI Zong-yan(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《贵州工程应用技术学院学报》2021年第2期17-25,共9页Journal of Guizhou University Of Engineering Science

基　　金：上海师范大学一流研究生培养项目“基于动态视角的当代汉语语法新扩展研究”,项目编号:209-AC9103-19-368005101;上海师范大学一流研究生培养项目“汉语数量构式的语义认知研究”,项目编号:209-AC9103-20-368005110。

摘　　要：根据句法分布与搭配方式,“渣”的形化进程主要体现在显化的修饰功能与陈述功能上。程度化的“渣”还可充当定语、谓语和补语。形容词化的“渣”经历了指称化到性状化的演化路径,呈现出性状化与词汇化、习语化与构式化的发展趋势。语言表达的简洁与创新、人们追求“新”与“异”的心理认知是其演化的动因。在语言的内外双重机制的合力作用下完成名词到形容词的扩展与转化,认知凸显与频率机制是“渣”得以形化的基础,转喻与隐喻机制是其形化的内在动力,名词的非范畴化导致范畴转移为“渣”的形化提供了可能。According to the way of syntactic distribution and collocation,the process of Zha(渣)is mainly embodied in the functions of explicit modification and statement.Degree-based Zha(渣)can also be used as an attributive,predicate and complement.The Zha(渣) of adjectiveization has gone through the evolutionary path from referentialization to characterization,showing the development trend of characterization and lexicalization,idiomatization and construction.The simplicity and innovation of language expression and the psychological cognition of people's pursuit of new and different are the causes of its evolution.Under the combined effect of internal and external mechanisms of language,the transformation of part of speech from noun to adjective can be completed.Cognitive salience and frequency mechanism are the basis of the adjectiveization of Zha(渣).Metonymy and metaphor mechanism are the intrinsic motivation of the adjectiveization.The non-categorization of nouns leads to the shift of category,which makes it possible for the adjectiveization of zha(渣).

关 键 词：“渣” 形容词化 表现形式 形成机制 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]