《古巴华工调查录》与清政府的华工政策  

Exploring the Policy of the Qing Government on Chinese Laborers from A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba

作　　者：张书 Zhang Shu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所

出　　处：《国际汉学》2021年第2期136-144,204,205,共11页International Sinology

摘　　要：本文以古巴华工为例,对清政府的华工政策进行分析,发现《古巴华工调查录》在清政府华工政策的转变过程中扮演着重要的角色。为保护华工利益,清政府与西班牙签订《和好贸易条约》,派遣陈兰彬调查团并派驻古巴领事,在此过程中清政府对古巴华工的了解在逐步深入,采取的保护措施也更加细致。引起这一变化的事件正是陈兰彬调查团的派遣及其实地调查形成的《古巴华工调查录》。《古巴华工调查录》为清政府提供了古巴华工遭受虐待的事实,特别是发现“满身纸”对华工利益的重大损害,使清政府能够更有针对性地制定保护华工的措施,并由此成为其保护古巴华工利益实践中具有关键性意义的一步。《古巴华工调查录》这一文件的形成,对清政府的华工政策由消极向积极的转变产生了较大的影响。Taking Chinese laborers in Cuba as an example,this paper analyzes the policy of the Qing government on Chinese laborers and finds that A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba played an important role in the transformation of the policy of the Qing government regarding Chinese laborers.In order to protect the interests of Chinese laborers,the Qing government signed a treaty with Spain,dispatched Chen Lanbin’s Investigation Mission,and sent a consul to Cuba.In this process,the Qing government gradually deepened its understanding of Chinese laborers in Cuba and took more detailed protective measures.This study argues that the incident which caused this change was A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba prepared by Chen Lanbin’s Investigation Mission.This book provided facts of abuse of Chinese laborers in Cuba,especially the great damages to the interests of Chinese laborers caused by the Manshen Paper,enabling the Qing government to formulate more targeted measures to protect Chinese laborers in Cuba,which was a crucial step in the practice of protecting the interests of Chinese laborers in Cuba by the Qing government.Furthermore,A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba also exerted a great influence on the change of the Qing government’s policy towards Chinese laborers from negative to positive.

关 键 词：《古巴华工调查录》 古巴华工 清政府 陈兰彬 

分 类 号：K205[历史地理—历史学]