高氮奥氏体钢的塑性加工变形特性研究进展  

Research Progress in Plastic Deformation Characteristics of High Nitrogen Austenitic Steel

作　　者：张荣华 杨川 石宁 关远远 马劲红 张源 陈连生 ZHANG Ronghua;YANG Chuan;SHI Ning;GUAN Yuanyuan;MA Jinhong;ZHANG Yuan;CHEN Liansheng(Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Modern Metallurgy Technology,College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,现代冶金技术教育部重点实验室,唐山063210

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第11期11154-11162,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：河北省钢铁联合研究基金(E2018209280);唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划(20130205b).

摘　　要：在钢铁材料中加入一定量的氮元素所制备的高氮钢往往具有优异的力学性能和化学性能。自从氮元素被视为有益元素大量加入钢铁材料中以来,人们对高氮钢的研究主要集中在以下几点:(1)氮元素可以有效替代镍元素来扩大奥氏体相区,提高钢中奥氏体的稳定性;(2)提高材料的可加工性/成形性,使强塑性协调;(3)第二相析出对材料的强化以及失稳的影响,高氮马氏体钢沉淀硬化等。高氮奥氏体钢优良的综合性能在很大程度上取决于氮元素以固溶态存在于奥氏体FCC结构的八面体间隙中,但是高氮钢在热处理过程中,氮、碳元素往往会和材料中的其他合金元素形成第二相析出物,而多数析出产物对高氮钢的热加工性能有着较大的负面影响。为此,人们探索了大量工艺手段并加以改善,涉及第二相析出的探究、热变形模拟实验以及实验室热轧工艺探究,取得了丰硕成果。氮在钢中短程有序排布和降低层错能的特点,使高氮奥氏体钢具有较高的加工硬化指数。同时,高氮奥氏体钢具有常规奥氏体钢不常见的韧脆转变行为,韧脆转变温度随氮含量的增加而升高,极易导致高氮奥氏体钢在冷加工时处于脆性区域。针对这一问题,研究者提出了各种解决办法以及相应的理论解释,但各种说法各具特色,争议较大,有待进一步研究。本文归纳了高氮奥氏体钢的塑性加工变形特性,分别介绍了高氮钢的定义、氮元素在钢中的作用以及第二相析出对高氮奥氏体钢热变形的影响,并综述了相关热加工变形研究进展,分析了高氮奥氏体钢冷变形所面临的问题及改善方式,以期为后续的高氮奥氏体钢塑性加工研究提供参考。High nitrogen steel,which is made by adding a certain amount of nitrogen element into steel materials,often has excellent mechanical and chemical properties.Since nitrogen is regarded as a beneficial element added to iron and steel materials,the research on high nitrogen steel mainly focuses on the following points:(1)nitrogen element can effectively replace nickel to enlarge austenite phase zone and improve austenite stability of steel;(2)improve machinability/formability of material to coordinate strong plasticity;(3)the effect of second phase precipitation on material strengthening and instability,precipitation hardening of high nitrogen martensitic steel,etc.The excellent comprehensive performance of high nitrogen austenitic steel depends to a large extent on the nitrogen element in the solid solution state in the octahedral gap of the austenite FCC structure.Forming second phase precipitates with other alloying elements in the material,most of the precipitated products have a negative impact on the hot workability of high nitrogen steels.To this end,people have explored a large number of process methods to improve,involving the exploration of second phase precipitation,thermal deformation simulation experiments and laboratory hot rolling process exploration,and achieved fruitful results.The short-range and orderly arrangement of nitrogen in steel and the reduction of stacking fault energy make high nitrogen austenitic steels have a higher work hardening index.At the same time,high-nitrogen austenitic steels have a tough-brittle transition behavior that is not common in conventional austenitic steels.The ductile-brittle transition temperature increases with the increase of nitrogen content,which easily causes high-nitrogen austenitic steels to be in the brittle zone during cold working.In response to this problem,the researchers have proposed various solutions and corresponding theoretical explanations,but the various claims have their own characteristics and are controversial,and need to be further studied i

关 键 词：高氮奥氏体钢 第二相析出 热变形 冷变形 

分 类 号：TG142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]