赤藓糖醇基复合相变材料的研究进展  

A Review of Erythritol-based Composite Phase Change Materials

作　　者：马超 王静 冀志江 王永超 解帅 李衎 李飞[3] MA Chao;WANG Jing;JI Zhijiang;WANG Yongchao;XIE Shuai;LI Kan;LI Fei(State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials,China Building Materials Academy Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China;The Third Logistics Department,the Central Military Commission,Beijing 100011,China;Unit No.32378 of Chinese People’s Liberation Army,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室,北京100024 [2]机关事务管理总局第三保障处,北京100011 [3]中国人民解放军32378部队,北京100072

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第11期11179-11186,11207,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0700903)。

摘　　要：相变储热材料通过其相变潜热实现能量的吸收、储存与释放,可以合理有效地利用现有能源、优化使用可再生资源和提高能源利用率。赤藓糖醇的相变温度约118℃,潜热约314 J/g,储能密度大、无腐蚀性,在中温储能领域有广阔的应用前景,现已被广泛应用于太阳能蓄热、工业余废热回收、清洁供暖等领域。然而,赤藓糖醇过冷严重、导热性能相对较差,使得热能无法及时地释放,造成热能利用效率不高,极大地限制了其在储能领域的应用。复合材料制备技术的发展为改善赤藓糖醇的过冷与导热性能提供了一种新的方法,在保留赤藓糖醇优异性能的同时,弥补了它的高过冷和低导热等缺陷。目前,制备赤藓糖醇复合相变材料已成为改善赤藓糖醇性能的主要方法,并取得了显著的成果。引入成核剂可以降低体系的形核势垒,促进成核,从而抑制过冷。纳米金属及其氧化物、膨胀石墨、石墨泡沫等材料的合理引入明显降低了赤藓糖醇的过冷度,最高可降低93%。将赤藓糖醇长时间控制在过冷的亚稳态,是利用其高过冷特性进行跨季节储能应用的关键,但该技术仍处于研究阶段。通过添加高导热材料来增加赤藓糖醇的当量热导率和增大相变蓄热器换热面积是赤藓糖醇热强化的主要措施,当量热导率可高达30 W/(m·K),且热利用率显著提高。相平衡理论为调节赤藓糖醇的相变温度提供了思路,选择合适的有机相变材料可以制备出相变温度在70~120℃范围内可调、潜热大于200 J/g的共晶相变材料。本文简述了赤藓糖醇基复合相变材料的常用制备技术,分别对改善赤藓糖醇过冷性能和导热性能的手段以及如何利用赤藓糖醇的高过冷进行综述,归纳了调控赤藓糖醇相变温度的方法,分析了赤藓糖醇基复合相变材料在实际应用中的优势。Phase change heat storage using the latent heat for energy absorption,storage and release,can reasonably and effectively use the existing energy,optimize the use of renewable resources and improve the energy utilization efficiency.Erythritol with a phase transition temperature of about 118℃and a latent heat of about 314 J/g,has the advantages of high energy storage density,non-corrosiveness,etc.It is a promising phase change material in the field of medium temperature energy storage,which is widely used in solar energy storage,industrial waste heat recovery,clean heating and other fields.However,erythritol has severe supercooling,and its thermal conductivity is relatively lower.These shortcomings make it impossible to release heat energy in time,resulting in low heat energy utilization efficiency,which greatly limits the application of erythritol in energy storage.The deve-loping composite material preparation technology provides a new method for improving the supercooling and thermal conductivity of erythritol.While retaining the excellent properties of erythritol,it also mitigates the defects of severe supercooling and low thermal conductivity.At present,the preparation of erythritol composite phase change materials has become the main method to improve its performance,and achieved remarkable results.Supercooling is controlled by introducing nucleating agents to reduce the nucleation barrier and promote nucleation.A number of nucleating agents,including nano-metals and their oxides,expanded graphite,graphite foam,etc.,have been proven capable of reducing the supercooling of erythritol,in which the best reduction effect,according to the available literature,is 93%.Keeping erythritol in the supercooled metastable state for a long time is the key to utilize its high supercooling characteristics for cross-season energy storage applications.However,the technology is still under research and deserves optimization.Through adding highly thermally conductive materials and increasing the heat transfer area of the phase

关 键 词：相变材料 赤藓糖醇 过冷 热导率 相变温度 

分 类 号：TK02[动力工程及工程热物理]