耐原子氧聚酰亚胺材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Atomic Oxygen Resistant Polyimide Materials

作　　者：王芮晗 赵若虹 邹宛晏 王敏 周博 齐胜利[1] 刘刚 武德珍[1,3] WANG Ruihan;ZHAO Ruohong;ZOU Wanyan;WANG Min;ZHOU Bo;QI Shengli;LIU Gang;Wu Dezhen(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment,Shanghai 200240,China;Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Changzhou 213164,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]上海卫星装备研究所,上海200240 [3]北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院,常州213164

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第11期11187-11195,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重大基础研究计划(2014CB643604,2014CB643606);国家自然科学基金(51673017,21404005,51273018,5179500011);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(XK1802-2);中国航空科学基金(201718S9001);江苏省杰出青年基金(BK20140006);装备预研共用技术项目(41422040401)。

摘　　要：自21世纪以来,航空航天方面的快速发展为人类日常通信、观察天文气相、探索宇宙等提供了重要的技术支持手段。其中,聚酰亚胺(PI)凭借其优异的耐高低温性能、力学性能、耐辐射性、电性能、耐溶剂性等成为不可或缺的航天器材料之一,且被广泛用作航天器的太阳电池阵列的柔性基板、多层热绝缘毯和电路系统的绝缘保护层。然而,航天器长期工作于低地球轨道,这一特殊环境中的原子氧(AO)具有高通量和强氧化性,它会快速侵蚀航天器表面的主要热控材料PI,使其光学、电学、力学等重要性能退化,从而导致航天器工作效率下降、使用寿命缩短、系统目标设计失败,严重阻碍航天事业的发展。多年来,针对上述问题,研究人员提出了多种解决办法并已取得较大进展。其中,在材料表面施加防护涂层已发展成为既能保护基材不受原子氧剥蚀、又能保持基底材料原有性能的方法,其适用于多种表面制作,工艺简单,应用广泛;而在耐原子氧聚酰亚胺新型材料方面,科研人员也克服困难,开发出性能更为优异、使用寿命更长的新材料。另外,由于特殊试验条件的限制,促使耐原子氧地面模拟实验发展迅猛,目前已提出多种模拟理论,并制造模拟器以辅助研究。本文对比了目前已商业化应用的聚酰亚胺材料的耐原子氧性能,介绍了耐原子氧的地面模拟试验方法的原理和分类,总结了耐原子氧聚酰亚胺材料的类别,包括防护涂层法和新型方法制备的耐原子氧聚酰亚胺材料,并对各种不同类型防护方法的优缺点进行了合理评判,指出耐原子氧聚酰亚胺材料的未来发展方向及应用前景。Since 21st century,the rapid development of aerospace has provided important technical support means for human daily communication,observation of astronomical gas phase,and exploration of the universe.Polyimide(PI)has become one of the indispensable spacecraft materials by virtue of its excellent high and low temperature resistance,mechanical properties,radiation resistance,electrical properties,and solvent resistance.It’s widely used as flexible substrate for solar cell arrays,multi-layer thermal insulation blanket and insulating protective layer for circuit systems of the spacecraft.However,the spacecraft works in low earth orbit containing atomic oxygen(AO).High-throughput AO with strong oxidizing properties can ra-pidly erode the main thermal control material PI on the surface of the spacecraft,degrading its optical,electrical,mechanical and other important properties,resulting in decreased efficiency and shortened service life of the spacecraft,which leads to the failure of the system’s targets and seriously hinders the development of the space industry.Over the years,researchers proposed a variety of solutions to the above problems and made great progress.Among them,the method of applying a protective coating on the surface of the material can not only protect the substrate from atomic oxygen erosion,but also maintain the original performance of the base material.It’s suitable for making a variety of different surfaces,has a simple process,a wide range of applications as well.As for the new material of atomic polyimide resistant polyimide,researchers have also overcome difficulties and developed new materials with better performance and longer service life.In addition,due to the limitations of special test conditions,the development of atomic oxygen-resistant ground simulation experiments has developed rapidly.So far,a variety of simulation theories have been proposed and simulators have been manufactured to assist in research.This article compares the resistance to atomic oxygen of polyimide material

关 键 词：原子氧 聚酰亚胺 自修复 耐原子氧试验方法 低地球轨道 

分 类 号：TB35[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]