限氮条件下玉米、大豆、花生光能截获和干物质积累分析  

Analysis of Light Interception and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize,Soybean and Peanut under Nitrogen Restriction

作　　者：邵云[1] 张杰[1] 李春喜[1] 马冠群 侯盟 马玥莹 SHAO Yun;ZHANG Jie;LI Chun-xi;MA Guan-qun;HOU Meng;MA Yue-ying(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《大豆科学》2021年第3期370-378,共9页Soybean Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFD0300203-3,2018YFD0300708-4)。

摘　　要：为了探寻氮限制条件下作物光能截获特征的变化规律,为黄淮海平原一年两熟农作制中夏播作物配置策略调整提供理论支撑,本研究在河南省获嘉县采取裂区设计,主区为常规施氮和不施氮2种施氮水平,副区为玉米、大豆、花生3种不同夏播作物,分析限氮处理条件下3种作物的光能截获和干物质量相关性状的关系。在作物生育期中共选取5个时间点,测量叶面积指数(LAI)、叶夹角(LA)和作物冠层光合有效辐射(PAR),作物收获后调查其地上部干物质量和产量,并计算冠层光合有效辐射截获率(IPAR)、光能利用率(LUE)和收获指数(HI)等指标。结果表明:3种夏播作物的LAI与IPAR均在营养生长期快速增加,而在生殖生长期呈略微下降或升高的趋势;且与常规施氮处理相比,不施氮处理下3种作物中大豆的LAI和IPAR的降幅最小,分别为9.52%和0.94%。玉米、大豆、花生在不施氮处理下的产量较常规施氮分别降低8.31%、2.74%和3.35%,其中大豆产量降幅最小。相关分析表明,3种作物产量与LAI和IPAR间均具有显著或极显著正相关关系;玉米产量与LA具有显著或极显著的正相关关系,而大豆的产量则与LA呈显著负相关,花生的产量与LA呈极显著负相关。经曲线拟合,3种作物的产量与LAI、LA和IPAR均呈线性回归关系。另外,IPAR与LAI间具有显著正相关关系,且符合对数回归关系,而与LA的相关性不显著。综上,当氮素受限时,与玉米和花生两种夏播作物相比,大豆有更大的LAI,保持较高的IPAR,地上干物质量和产量降幅最小,因此在低氮的农田土壤上种植大豆受氮限制的影响最小。In order to describe the changes of crop light interception parameters under low-nitrogen condition, and provide some proposals of allocation strategy for summer sown crops in the double-cropping area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, we explained the relationship between light interception and dry matter of three summer sown crops in nitrogen limitation experiment with split-plot design in Huojia County, Henan Province, in which two nitrogen fertilizer levels of the main plot were conventional nitrogen application level and no nitrogen, and three summer sown crops of the subplot were maize, soybean and peanut, and analyzed the relationship between light interception and traits related to dry matter quality of the three crops under nitrogen restriction. So leaf area index(LAI), leaf angle(LA) and crop canopy photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) were measured continuously at five days in crop growth period, the above ground biomass and grain yield were surveyed after the crops were harvested, and canopy interception photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR), light use efficiency(LUE) and harvest index(HI) were calculated at last. The results showed that LAI and IPAR of the three summer sown crops increased rapidly during the vegetative growth period, but decreased or increased mildly during the reproductive growth period. Compared with conventional nitrogen level, LAI and IPAR of soybean in no nitrogen treatment were fallen further than those of maize and peanut, which were gone down 9.52% and 0.94% respectively. In the same way, the yield of maize, soybean and peanut in no nitrogen treatment declined by 8.31%, 2.74% and 3.35% respectively, and the reduction of soybean yield was the smallest among the three crops. Then with correlation analysis method, crops yield were all showed significant or highly significant positive correlation with LAI or IPAR;and there was significant or highly significant positive correlation between maize yield and LA, but significant negative correlation between soybean yield and LA, and

关 键 词：黄淮海平原 夏播作物 氮限制 光能截获 光能利用率 干物质量 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1S565.2