农村地区饮用水消毒质量及消毒前后微生物变化分析  

Analysis on microbiological changes before and after disinfection and quality of drinking water disinfection in rural areas

作　　者：熊传龙[1] 张永[2] 陈志健[3] 王志强[4] 何祖安[5] 何英华[6] 敬燕燕[7] 杨鸿宾 李洪兴[1] 王丽[1] 张荣[1] XIONG Chuan-long;ZHANG Yong;CHEN Zhi-jian;WANG Zhi-qiang;HE Zu-an;HE Ying-hua;JING Yan-yan;YANG Hong-bin;LI Hong-xing;WANG Li;ZHANG Rong(National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102200,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心,北京102200 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心环境所 [3]浙江省疾病预防控制中心 [4]安徽省疾病预防控制中心 [5]湖北省疾病预防控制中心 [6]吉林省疾病预防控制中心 [7]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心 [8]山东省青岛市卫生监督执法局

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第11期2084-2088,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解农村地区饮用水消毒质量及消毒前后微生物变化情况,为规范饮用水消毒提供科学依据。方法在6个省份8个县随机选择32处消毒和不消毒各半的农村集中式供水水厂。每间隔约12天检测一次水源水、出厂水和末梢水总大肠菌群和菌落总数,有消毒的水厂检测消毒剂余量,全年各检测15次。结果在采取消毒的240份水样中,出厂水消毒剂余量达标率为69.2%、末梢水为68.8%。在消毒剂余量达标时,出厂水菌落总数超标率为1.8%、末梢水为9.7%,分别低于对应的水源水35.5%(χ^(2)=60,P<0.001)和41.2%(χ^(2)=47,P<0.01);出厂水总大肠菌群超标率为4.8%、末梢水为20.0%,分别低于水源水的61.4%(χ^(2)=118,P<0.001)和67.9%(χ^(2)=77,P<0.001)。消毒剂余量不达标或不采取消毒措施时,出厂水与水源水、末梢水与水源水的总大肠菌群和菌落总数超标率基本相同。结论约有三分之一的出厂水和末梢水消毒剂余量不达标,消毒剂余量不达标时则达不到饮用水消毒效果,农村地区饮用水消毒质量亟待提高。Objective To understand the conditions of microbiological changes before and after disinfection and the quality of drinking water disinfection in rural areas,so as to provide scientific basis for regulating drinking water disinfection.Methods 32 rural centralized water plants with disinfection and non-disinfection each half were randomly selected from 8 counties of 6 provinces.The total bacterial countand total coliforms of source,finished and tap water and the disinfection residual of water plants with disinfection were detected 15 times at intervals of about 12 days.Results Of the 240 water samples sterilized,the standard-meeting rate of disinfectant residual was 69.2%in finished water and 68.8%in tap water.When the disinfectant residual was up to the standard,the over standard rate of the total bacterial count was 1.8%in finished water and 9.7%in tap water,which was lower than 35.5%(χ^(2)=60,P<0.001)in finished waterand 41.2%(χ^(2)=47,P<0.001)in tap waterof source water,respectively.The over standard rate of the total coliforms was 4.8%in finished water and 20.0%in tap water,which was lower than that of source water with61.4%in finished water(χ^(2)=118,P<0.001)and 67.9%(χ^(2)=77,P<0.001)in tap water,respectively.The over standard rate of total bacterial count and the total coliforms of the source water,the finished water and the tap water were basically the same in the water samples without disinfection or with disinfectant residual lower than the standard.Conclusion The disinfectant residual of about one-third of the finished water and tap water with disinfection is not up to the standard.The drinking water disinfection effect will not be achievedunless the disinfectant residual is not up to the standard.The quality of drinking water disinfection in rural areas needs to be improved urgently.

关 键 词：饮用水 水源水 消毒 微生物 

分 类 号：R187[医药卫生—流行病学] R123.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]