长湖水生植物多样性与生态位的季节性变化研究  

Seasonal Variation on the Diversity,Niche Breadth and Niche Overlap of Aquatic Plant in Changhu Lake

作　　者：谭凤霞[1,2] 罗静波[2] 祁梅 柴毅[1,2] TAN Feng-xia;LUO Jing-bo;QI Mei;CHAI Yi(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou 434025,China;College of Animal Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学动物科学学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第5期1121-1129,共9页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF201809,KFT202006)。

摘　　要：根据2015年1、4、7、10月对长湖水生植物的调查结果,按季节分析了长湖水生植物的优势种、物种多样性、生态位宽度和重叠值的季节性变化。菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、微齿眼子菜(P. maackianus)和狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia)是冬、春季相对重要值前3的物种;夏、秋季荇菜(Nymphoides peltatum)和凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)的相对重要值增加。长湖水生植物多样性指数夏季最高(H’=2.946、D=0.940),冬季最低(H’=0.931、D=0.428)。菹草的生态位宽度最大,分别为冬季0.523、春季0.363和夏季0.273,其他物种的生态位均小于0.2,长湖水生植物倾向于特化种,其分布具有一定局限性。长湖发生生态位重叠的物种较少,冬季为7对,春季为19对,夏季为23对,秋季为17对。其中轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)与马来眼子菜(P. malaianus)、菱(Trapa bispinosa)与穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、满江红(Azolla imbricate)和槐叶萍(Salvinia natans)以及红蓼(Polygonum orientale)与水蓼(P. hydropiper)的生态位重叠值较高,表明其生态习性相近,对资源的生态要求相似性较高。菹草是发生生态位重叠最多的物种,冬季4对,春9对,夏季7对,秋季1对,这与其生态位宽度较宽一致。生态位能较好地解释长湖水生植物的物种组成、分布特点及多样性变化,结果表明长湖处于水生植物种类组成较简单,种群结构稳定性较差的状态。The aquatic plants in Changhu Lake were investigated on January,April,and July and October 2015,the seasonal changes of dominant species,species diversity,and niche width and overlap value of aquatic plants in Changhu Lake were analyzed. The first three important species in winter and spring were Potamogeton crispus (the submerged plant),P. maackianus (the submerged plant) and Typha angustifolia (the water plant).The relatively important value of Nymphoides peltatum (the floating leaf plant) and Eichhornia crassipes (the floating plant) were increased in summer and autumn. The Shannon-Wiener index (H’) and Simpson index (D)were used to evaluate the diversity of aquatic plant in Changhu Lake. The results showed the highest diversity index (H’= 2. 946 and D = 0. 940) in summer and the lowest diversity index (H’= 0. 931 and D = 0. 428) in winter. The niche widths of the dominant species P. crispus were 0. 523 in winter,0. 363 in spring and 0. 273 in summer,respectively. The niche widths of other species were less than 0. 2. The aquatic plants in Changhu Lake tended to specialized species. In addition,there were also a few species with niche overlap,with 7 pairs in winter,19 pairs in spring,23 pairs in summer and 17 pairs in autumn. The species with similar ecological habit and ecological requirements showed the higher niche overlap index,such as between the submerged plants of Hydrilla verticillata and P. malaianus,the floating plants of Azolla imbricate and Salvinia natans,the water plants of Polygonum orientale and P. hydropiper,Myriophyllum spicatum (the submerged plant) and Trapa bispinosa (the floating leaf plant). There was more niche overlap between the dominant specie P. crispus and the other species,4 pairs in winter and 9 pairs in spring and 7 pairs in summer and only 1 pair in autumn. The ecological niche could better explain the species composition,distribution characteristics and diversity changes of aquatic plants in Changhu Lake. The results showed that the composition of aquatic plant species w

关 键 词：长湖 水生植物 多样性 生态位 季节变化 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]