配合饲料和冰鱼对单体养殖中华绒螯蟹生长、性腺发育及其肌肉品质的影响  

Effects of formula feed and frozen fish on the growth,gonadal development and muscle quality of Eriocheir sinensis in the monomer culture

作　　者：冯伟 李辉 唐永凯[1,2,3] 苏胜彦 王美垚[1,3] 李建林 俞菊华[1,3] FENG Wei;LI Hui;TANG Yongkai;SU Shengyan;WANG Meiyao;LI Jianlin;YU Juhua(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水渔业与种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《水产学报》2021年第5期748-759,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：江苏省农业重大新品种创制(PZCZ201749);江苏省渔业科技类项目(D2018-4);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系(JATS[2019]385);中央级基本科研业务费(2020TD36)。

摘　　要：为研究配合饲料和冰鱼对中华绒螯蟹的养殖性能和营养状况的影响,本实验通过连续采样分析了单体养殖中华绒螯蟹的生长性能、性腺发育和肌肉的营养成分,并进一步比较了终末体质量、增重率、特定增长率、成活率和蜕壳间隔。结果显示:(1)配合饲料组的成活率极显著高于冰鱼组,而终末体质量、增重率、特定增长率和蜕壳间隔二组无显著差异;在不同蜕壳阶段,在体质量指标上,配合饲料组小于冰鱼组,其中第3次蜕壳后二组间差异显著;增重率在雌、雄蟹体间存在差异,其中雌蟹在第2次蜕壳后配合饲料组的增重率极显著小于冰鱼组,而雄蟹在第1次和第4次蜕壳后2个阶段配合饲料组的增重率极显著大于冰鱼组。(2)在配合饲料和冰鱼2组投喂下肝胰腺指数分别为3.59%和4.45%,性腺指数二者分别为3.20%和2.25%,肝胰腺指数和性腺指数在二组投喂下无显著差异。(3)在肌肉氨基酸含量方面,氨基酸总量(∑TAA)、必需氨基酸总量(∑TEAA)和呈味氨基酸总量(∑FAA)配合饲料组显著小于冰鱼组;从单个氨基酸含量看,赖氨酸(Lys)和精氨酸(Arg)含量配合饲料组显著小于冰鱼组,而脯氨酸(Pro)含量则是配合饲料组显著大于冰鱼组。(4)在肌肉脂肪酸含量方面,高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)和DHA+EPA含量配合饲料组显著高于冰鱼组;从单个脂肪酸看,单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)中C16:1和C18:1n-9含量配合饲料组显著小于冰鱼组,而多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)中的ARA和DHA配合饲料组却显著高于冰鱼组。研究表明,在该单体养殖条件下,配合饲料组在中华绒螯蟹生长性能和肌肉品质上接近冰鱼组,而在性腺发育和成活率上则优于冰鱼组,配合饲料对中华绒螯蟹养殖业更具有发展优势。Eriocheir sinensis is one of the most widely commercially cultured crabs which is generally cultured in the ponds mainly fed with formula feed,frozen fish and mixture with formula feed and frozen fish.However,highdensity pond culture and feeding frozen fish with unstable source and imbalanced nutrition bring many problems such as severe diseases outbreaks and variable quality of crabs,water pollution and so on.Therefore,to study the effect of formula feed and frozen fish on the breeding performance and nutritional status of the crabs,this experiment analyzed the growth performance,gonadal development and nutrient composition of monocultured crabs by continuous sampling,and further compared the final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth(SGR),survival rate(SR)and molting intervals(MI).The results showed that:(1)In terms of SR,the formula feed group was significantly higher than those of the frozen fish group,while there was no significant difference in the FBW,WGR,SGR and MI between the two groups.At different molting stages,the boby weight of the formula feed group was smaller than the frozen fish group,and the differences between the two groups after the third molting was significant;the WGR was different between the female and male crabs,and the WGR of formula feed group in the female crab was significantly smaller than that of the frozen fish group after the second molting,while the male crabs in the two stages after the first and fourth molting were significantly larger than those of the frozen fish group.(2)The hepatopancreas indices(HSI)were 3.59%and 4.45%in the formula feed and frozen fish groups,respectively,while the gonadosomatic indices(GSI)were 3.20%and 2.25%,respectively;and the HSI and GSI had no significant differences in the two groups.(3)In terms of muscle amino acid content,the total amino acids(∑TAA),total essential amino acids(∑TEAA)and total flavor amino acids(∑FAA)in the formula feed group were significantly smaller than those of the frozen fish group;From the perspect

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 生长性能 性腺发育 肌肉品质 单体养殖 

分 类 号：S963.32[农业科学—水产养殖]