WTO二十五周年:回顾、评估和未来前景  

WTO in 25: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects

作　　者：王琛 Wang Chen

机构地区：[1]中国商务部世界贸易组织司,北京100731

出　　处：《亚太经济》2021年第3期1-9,共9页Asia-Pacific Economic Review

摘　　要：WTO成立以来,尽管在推动贸易增长、解决贸易争端、实现经济发展上发挥了不可替代的作用,但现正面临前所未有的生存危机,规则体系的权威性在遭受挑战,机构运行的有效性无法维持,与国际贸易现实的相关性受到影响,这是经济全球化深刻调整、WTO自身制度设计、大国战略博弈等诸多因素共同作用的结果。在经济全球化仍是时代潮流的背景下,WTO需要通过改革来回应国际贸易现实和成员的关注,而改革能否取得成功,取决于如何处理贸易与发展的关系、是否坚持作为贸易组织的功能定位、能否实现主要成员政策初衷与外溢效应的平衡。中美两国都是世界主要经济体,WTO要在全球治理体系中发挥更大的作用,离不开美国的领导力,也需要中国以更加积极的姿态参与其中。The WTO has played an irreplaceable role in promoting international trade, resolving trade disputes,and helping developing members integrate into the multilateral trading system. However, it is facing the unprecedented existential crisis. The article reviews the performance of WTO ever since its inception and believes that this organization has not fully lived up to its objectives as expected. Currently, the authority of WTO is being challenged, its effectiveness is unable to be maintained, and its relevance to international trade reality is doubted. This is attributed to multiple factors, including the profound adjustment of economic globalization, the design of the WTO system, and the strategic gaming of major powers. As economic globalization remains the irreversible trend of the times, the WTO must respond to the reality of international trade and the concerns of its members in a timely manner, and keep up with the emerging issues in the field of international trade. The success of the WTO reform will depend to a certain extent on how to handle the relationship between trade and development, whether to adhere to the functions of WTO as a trade organization, and to strike a balance between the original intentions of trade policies by the main members and their spillover effects. This article concludes that the WTO cannot play a greater role in the global economic governance without the leadership of the United States, while more active participation from China is dispensable.

关 键 词：WTO 多哈回合谈判 贸易自由化 WTO改革 

分 类 号：F743[经济管理—国际贸易]