2020年桃-阿海子水鸟群落状况简述  

A Brief Account on the T‑A Nur Waterbird Community in 2020

作　　者：何芬奇[1] 任永奇 白兆勇 肖红 汪清雄 刘宝良 HE Fen-qi;REN Yong-qi;BAI Zhao-yong;XIAO Hong;WANG Qing-xiong;LIU Bao-liang(Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;The Ordos Relict Gull National Nature Reserve,Ordos City 017000,Inner Mongolia,China;Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi’an 710032,Shaanxi,China;Bojianghaizi Coal Mine of Inner Mongolian Yinhong Energy Resources Exploration Co.,Dongsheng,.Ordos City 017005,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区,内蒙古鄂尔多斯市017000 [3]陕西动物研究所,陕西西安710032 [4]内蒙古银宏能源开发有限公司泊江海子矿,内蒙古鄂尔多斯市017005

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2021年第2期31-35,共5页Wetland Science & Management

摘　　要：以往研究结果显示,内蒙古桃力庙-阿拉善湾海子繁殖鸟、夏候鸟种类、数量均低于春秋两季鼎盛时期。2020年夏季,引黄济湖工程实施2 a后,桃-阿海子夏季水鸟群落出现一些明显的变化,具体表现为:(1)繁殖鸟与夏候鸟种类总数至少达41种,为以往所从未出现的高值;(2)繁殖鸟与居留型夏候鸟共处,且整个湖区中夏候鸟个体数量明显多于繁殖鸟;(3)2020年夏季桃-阿海子成为遗鸥与棕头鸥非繁殖群的居所;(4)环境变化并未影响到蓑羽鹤在桃-阿海子湖区的营巢及育幼;(5)鱼苗投放使食鱼鸟类(多种涉禽、普通鸬鹚等)在湖区批量聚集;(6)鸥嘴噪鸥与黑颈鸊鷉繁殖群回归;(7)1个相对稳定的白琵鹭非繁殖群自2月下旬出现于桃-阿海子,一直滞留至10下旬,最大数量达100只。2020年8-10月初桃-阿海子水鸟数量最多,在连续50余天的时间里,桃-阿海子水鸟保有量持续维持在2万只以上,间或超过2.5万只。至10月中旬,水鸟已不足5000只,11月中旬阿海子水面封冻前,水鸟尚有1500只左右。By the results we had far obtained revealed that,at the Tiaolimiao–Alashan Nur(the T–A Nur,No.1148 Ramsar Site),the waterbird community in summer used to be relatively in lower richness,both of the species number and the total number of the bird individuals appearing,compared with that in the climax period occurring either in spring or in autumn.Whereas,in summer season 2020,after two years the water-supplying project ongoing,some remarkable variations and even new trends happened to the waterbird community at T–A Nur,for instance:(1)Up to 41 species of waterbirds,of those both breeders and other summer visitors,recorded appearing at T–A Nur during the whole summer season,much higher a record than ever before;(2)Those breeders and summer visitors sharing the wetland habitat as a whole,while number of summering birds being much higher than those breeders;(3)Non–breeding flock of both the Relict Gull and the Brown–headed Gull appeared at the Nur;(4)Though the environment somewhat varied along with more water introduced into the lake,the Demoiselle Cranes still nested and successfully reared their chicks at the site;(5)Due to quite amount of fries released into the lake,more fish–eating birds,herons,egrets,and the Common Cormorant,gathered at the site;(6)Breeding colonies of both the Gull–billed Tern and the Black–necked Grebe reappeared at T–A Nur nesting on or around islets;(7)A stable non–breeding flock of the Eurasian Spoonbill,up to 100 individuals,inhabited at the Nur from late February till late October.Besides,high number of those waterbirds,over 20000 as a constant and up to over 25000 as the incidental highest,was observed since mid–August to early October,for 50 days or a bit longer.In mid–October,waterbirds were no more than 5000,and,till mid–November right before the water got frozen,some 1500 birds could still be found in the lake.

关 键 词：桃-阿海子 水鸟种类 遗鸥与棕头鸥非繁殖群 鸥嘴噪鸥与黑颈鸊鷉繁殖群回归 

分 类 号：Q958.11[生物学—动物学]