小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定标准的改进与优化  

Improvement and optimization of the identification standard of pre-harvest sprouting resistance of wheat

作　　者：高威 徐康乐 刘雪 徐冬梅 高畅 严胜男 姚辉 尚姚姚 潘旭 曹佳佳[1] 程欣然 刘明利 卢杰[1] 常成[1] 张海萍[1] 马传喜[1] GAO Wei;XU Kangle;LIU Xue;XU Dongmei;GAO Chang;YAN Shengnan;YAO Hui;SHANG Yaoyao;PAN Xu;CAO Jiajia;CHENG Xinran;LIU Mingli;LU Jie;CHANG Cheng;ZHANG Haiping;MA Chuanxi(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow&Huai River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heifei 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,农业农村部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2021年第2期179-184,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100703);国家现代小麦产业技术体系专项(CARS-03);国家自然科学基金(31601298);安徽省科技重大专项(18030701182)共同资助。

摘　　要：参照农业部小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定行业标准(NY/T1739-2009)对国家小麦良种联合攻关2018—2019年度40份小麦新品系进行穗发芽抗性鉴定。结果发现,黄淮南片广适组和抗赤霉病组等29份半冬性小麦品系穗发芽抗性均为感或高感,未鉴定出抗性品系,且品系间变异系数(11.23%和22.06%)明显低于长江上、中下游区试验组的11份品系(88.09%,45.45%),半冬性品系的穗发芽抗性区分度较低。因此,根据该行业标准,从2019—2020年度128份国家小麦良种联合攻关参试品系中随机选取25份和18份试验材料,分别设置2、3和4 d共3个发芽处理时间,研究不同发芽时间对穗发芽抗性鉴定的影响,并对穗发芽时间进行优化,以确定合适的穗发芽处理时间。结果表明,和穗发芽3、4 d相比(27.44%,13.84%),发芽2 d的品系间穗发芽抗性差异明显(高感—高抗),变异系数较大(46.26%,54.89%)。进一步对128份品系的穗发芽抗性鉴定,结果也发现发芽处理2d,各参试组穗发芽抗性变异较大,能够有效区分半冬性品系间抗性水平,与生产实际相符。In this paper,based on the industry standard(NY/T 1739-2009)for identifying pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)resistance of wheat,40 wheat varieties were detected for their PHS resistance,which were from the trial of the national wheat varieties joint research in 2018-2019.The result indicated that the 29 semi-winter wheat varieties from the South Yellow&Huai River Valley all showed high sensitivity or sensitivity to PHS,and the variation coefficients(11.23%,22.06%)were lower than the 11 varieties from the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River(88.09%,45.45%).The PHS resistance detected by the standards appeared lower discrimination for semi-winter wheat.Therefore,according to the industry standard,25 and 18 wheat varieties were randomly selected from 128 national wheat varieties on joint research in 2019-2020,respectively.Three treatments of germination time were set as 2,3 and 4 days,respectively,which were used for analyzing the effect on the identification of PHS resistance and optimization time of germination.The results showed that,compared with the germination of 3 and 4 days(27.44%,13.84%),the varieties treated by sprouting for 2 days showed significant difference in PHS resistance(from high sensitivity to high resistance),and the variation was also larger(46.26%,54.89%).The identification results of PHS resistance of 128 varieties also indicated that the variation of PHS resistance was large among varieties detected after 2 days of germination.The optimization in germination time(2 d)of the standards could effectively distinguish the difference in resistance among semi-winter varieties,which are consistent with the wheat production.

关 键 词：小麦 穗发芽抗性 鉴定标准 优化 

分 类 号：S512.103.7[农业科学—作物学]