天基干涉合成孔径雷达技术发展与展望  

Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar:Status and Prospect

作　　者：陈筠力[1] 刘艳阳[2] 陈重华[2] 赵迪[2] CHEN Junli;LIU Yanyang;CHEN Zhonghua;ZHAO Di(Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology,Shanghai 201109,China;Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海航天技术研究院,上海201109 [2]上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2021年第3期96-108,共13页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61601298)。

摘　　要：天基干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)技术发源自合成孔径雷达(SAR)技术,突破性地实现了平面向立体维度的拓展,并在此基础上衍生了差分干涉(D-InSAR)等一系列技术研究方向。经过近30年的技术积累和工程实践,InSAR技术已从理论走向工程实践,填补了天基高效测绘手段的空白,产生了极大的应用效益,其中,德国TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X系统、我国天绘-2卫星系统均为典型代表。同时,基于InSAR技术体制以及在轨数据的积累和研究,不断衍生新的技术方向、新的应用前景,该技术领域仍具有极大的发展潜力和广泛的应用前景。本文从InSAR技术原理出发,介绍了天基InSAR卫星的发展现状及典型应用。通过天绘-2卫星系统真实在轨数据的分析与解读,阐述了我国在该领域的工程与技术基础。通过分析天基InSAR主要应用方向的观测需求,给出了未来该领域的发展方向。Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)is one of the important applications of synthetic aperture radar(SAR).It extends the observation of SAR from two-dimension to three-dimension,based on which a series of further applications such as differential InSAR(D-InSAR)are developed.After nearly 30 years of technical accumulation and engineering practice,InSAR has developed form theory to engineering practice,filling in the gaps of spaceborne efficient surveying and mapping and having produced great application benefits in earth observation.The TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X system of German and the Tianhui-2 satellite system of China are typical representatives.Meanwhile,due to the constant accumulation of InSAR research achievements,novel techniques and applications have been proposed continuously,and the spaceborne InSAR field still has great development potential and wide application prospects.In this paper,the basic principle of InSAR,together with the development status and typical applications of spaceborne InSAR systems,are reviewed.The achievements of China in spaceborne InSAR systems are presented by the interpretation of images observed by the Tianhui-2 satellite.By analyzing the observation requirements for the main application directions of spaceborne InSAR systems,the development direction of this field in the future is given.

关 键 词：干涉合成孔径雷达 差分干涉 极化 数字高程模型 地表形变监测 

分 类 号：TN911.73[电子电信—通信与信息系统] TP391.9[电子电信—信息与通信工程]