川井沙地及其周边小规模沙被范围和特征的研究  

Study on the Range and Characteristics of Chuanjing Sandland and Surrounding Small-scale Sand Cover

作　　者：贾成朕 杨妍辰[3] 苗百岭 吴昊 Jia Chengzhen;Yang Yanchen;Miao Bailing;Wu Hao(Inner Mongolia Ecological Meteorology Centre of desert,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Inner Mongolia Centre of Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;dongli Meteorological Bureau,Tianjin 300300;Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorology Sciences,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Training Center,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古荒漠生态气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]天津市东丽区气象局,天津300300 [4]内蒙古气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [5]内蒙古气象干部培训学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2021年第2期29-33,48,共6页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

摘　　要：文章以内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特中旗川井沙地及其周边小规模沙被为研究对象,明确了川井沙地的范围、气候类型和植被类型。研究显示:川井沙地总面积4222.90 km^(2),属于大规模沙被,其主体部分(74.2%)位于川井苏木境内,属半干旱气候,地带性植被是荒漠草原;川井沙地大部分区域沙层厚度小于50 cm,以平沙被、物理沙堆和植物沙包为主要表面形态,缺乏较高大的沙丘;最常见的植被类型是小针茅-藏锦鸡儿-蒙古葱群落、沙生针茅+克氏针茅群落、沙生针茅-藏锦鸡儿群落。研究还发现:半干旱区地表一定程度的风积沙化,有利于保存水分、聚积养分和植物生长;草原管理与利用方式对沙物质的聚积和侵蚀影响较大,过度利用会造成侵蚀作用加强,细粒物质丧失,甚至丧失沙物质(去沙化),发生更为严重的退化(砾石化等草原退化过程);灌木是荒漠草原的固有成分,其正常的生长有利于维持荒漠草原生态位的多样化和群落生物量的稳定性,有利于牲畜在干旱时和冬春季度过“饥荒”;灌木的发育过程往往与其下沙被覆盖相关,灌丛及沙物质的萎缩或缺失都是区域退化的反映。In this paper,the range and vegetation types of Chuanjing sandland located in Urad Middle Banner,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia is delimited,the climate types,vegetation properties and types were defined.The results show that:The total area of Chuanjing Sandland is 4222.9 km^(2),which belongs to large-scale sandland.Its main part(74.2%)is located in the territory of Chuanjing town,belongs to semi-arid climate,and the zonal vegetation is desert grassland.The thickness of Chuanjing sandland is shallow,and the sandland thickness in most areas is less than 50 cm.Sand sheet,physical sand mound and plant sand hillock are the main surface morphology types,which is lack of relatively high mobile and semi mobile dunes.We also observed that:In the semi-arid area,the surface which is covered with sand to a certain extent can effectively store water,reduce runoff and evapotranspiration,improve water use efficiency of vegetation,and then improve land productivity and regional ecological environment.The distribution of sand cover is affected by grassland management and utilization which have great influence on sand accumulation and erosion,if overuse,grassland will be degraded under the action of wind erosion.Shrub is an inherent component of desert steppe,and its normal growth is conducive to the diversity of niche and the improvement of community biomass.And it is conducive to livestock's"famine"during drought and winter and spring seasons.The shrunken sandbags and the obvious decrease or absence of shrubs are the reflection of degradation.The width,height and density of branches and leaves of trees are often positively correlated with the thickness of sand cover..

关 键 词：川井沙地 周边沙被 范围 面积 特征 植被类型 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P931.3[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]