牡蛎三倍体育种技术研究进展  

Research progress of breeding technology of oyster polyploid

作　　者：贾圆圆 JIA Yuanyuan(Agricultural and Development Service Center of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area,Fuzhou 350400,China)

机构地区：[1]平潭综合实验区农业农村发展服务中心,福建福州350400

出　　处：《渔业研究》2021年第3期330-338,共9页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家贝类产业技术体系专项(CARS-49).

摘　　要：牡蛎味道鲜美,富含锌、牛磺酸、糖原等营养物质,其生长快速、产量高、食物链短、经济效益良好,成为中国乃至世界重要的水产养殖贝类。我国牡蛎主要的养殖品种为长牡蛎(又称太平洋牡蛎,Crassostrea gigas)、福建牡蛎(又称葡萄牙牡蛎,C.angulata)、香港牡蛎(C.hongkongensis)、近江牡蛎(C.ariakensis)、熊本牡蛎(C.sikamea)等。目前养殖实践中出现生长速度缓慢、生长周期变长、品质下降等现象,亟需加强牡蛎的品种选育,而多倍体育种技术的发展有力促进牡蛎产业向高质量的方向发展。牡蛎三倍体诱导方法包括二倍体与四倍体的生物杂交方法,温度休克、静水压、电休克、渗透压等物理诱导方法,CB、6-DMAP、咖啡因等化学诱导方法。通过本文的综述,以期为牡蛎及其他贝类的多倍体研究提供参考。Oyster tastes delicious and is rich in nutrients such as zinc,taurine and glycogen.With rapid growth,high yield,short food chain and good economic benefits,oyster has become an important shellfish for aquaculture in China and even the world.The main cultivated oyster varieties in China are Crassostrea gigas(also known as Pacific oyster),Fujian oyster(also known as Portuguese oyster,C.ngulata),C.hongkongensis,C.riakensis,C.sikamea,etc.At present,the phenomenon of smaller individuals,slow growth rate,longer growth cycle and decreased quality in the cultivation practice is in urgent need of strengthening the selection and breeding of oyster varieties,and the development of polyploid breeding technology can effectively promote the development of oyster industry to the direction of high quality and high quantity.The main methods of oyster triploid induction include biological hybridization between diploid and tetraploid,physical induction methods such as temperature shock,hydrostatic pressure,electroshock and osmotic pressure,and chemical induction methods such as CB,6-DMAP and caffeine.This review is expected to provide reference for the study of polyploidy in oysters and other shellfish.

关 键 词：牡蛎 三倍体 育种 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]