西安市吸毒人群艾滋病病毒感染状况及行为学分析  

Analysis of HIV infection and behaviors among drug users in Xi’an City

作　　者：黄晓丹[1] 张海兰[1] 王瑞[1] 惠慧[1] 卫晓丽[1] HUANG Xiao-dan;ZHANG Hai-lan;WANG Rui;HUI Hui;WEI Xiao-li(Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2021年第3期333-336,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：中华预防医学会社会组织参与艾滋病防治基金(2019-2020610113NGODU004016)。

摘　　要：目的了解西安市吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)感染的流行趋势,为制定西安市吸毒人群艾滋病防控策略提供依据。方法在固定时间、固定地点通过横断面调查的方法对吸毒人群进行问卷调查和血清学检测。结果西安市吸毒人群平均年龄为(42.05±10.25)岁,初中及以下学历占74.19%,近一半有配偶或固定性伴。整体知晓率和每道问题的知晓率均呈逐年上升趋势,2019年达86.25%。新型毒品使用比例呈上升趋势,注射吸毒比例、共用注射器比例和最近一个月危险行为比例均呈下降趋势。婚姻状况(χ^(2)=9.833,P=0.007)、户籍(χ^(2)=14.401,P=0.002)、文化程度(χ^(2)=42.291,P<0.001)、民族(χ^(2)=6.822,P=0.025)、使用毒品情况(χ^(2)=6.253,P=0.044)和共用注射器吸毒(χ^(2)=21.861,P<0.001)6个因素对吸毒人群感染HIV有影响,且组间比较差异有统计学意义,共用注射器吸毒感染HIV的风险是未共用过者的7.838倍。结论目前采取的干预防治措施有效地抑制了HIV在吸毒人群中的流行,但仍需加强对新型毒品的预防及美沙酮治疗知识的宣传,推广安全套使用,强化知行合一。Objective To analyze human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic trend of drug users,and provide de⁃veloping strategies of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)control and prevention and in Xi’an City.Methods Through a cross-sectional sentinel survey of drug users,behavior investigation and serological test were performed at the fixed period and place.Results Average age was(42.05±10.25),and half were married or had fixed sex partner.People under the education background of and below junior high school account for 74.19%.The overall awareness and each issue rate were on the rise year by year,reaching 86.25%in 2019.The proportion of new drug use increased,and the proportion of injecting drug,sharing syringes and dangerous behaviors of drug use in the last month declined.Marriage status(χ^(2)=9.833,P=0.007),household registration(χ^(2)=14.401,P=0.002),education level(χ^(2)=42.291,P<0.001),nationality(χ^(2)=6.822,P=0.025),use of new drugs(χ^(2)=6.253,P=0.044)and sharing syringes(χ^(2)=21.861,P<0.001)had statistical significance for HIV infection among drug users.People who shared syringes with others got 7.838 times risk for HIV infection than those who unshared.Conclusion The current prevention and treatment have effectively declined the transmission of HIV in drug users,but knowledge propaganda of new drug prevention and methadone control should be strengthened,condom be promoted,and integration of knowledge and practice be strengthened.

关 键 词：艾滋病病毒 吸毒人群 感染状况 危险行为 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]