论近代汉语词汇的消长——以“拿云”一词为例  

On the Changes of Modern Chinese Vocabulary:Taking“Nayun(拿云)”as an Example

作　　者：杨辉[1] YANG Hui(拿云)

机构地区：[1]黄山学院文学院,安徽黄山245041

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期92-97,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University:SOC.SCI.

基　　金：安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目:“《元刊杂剧三十种》中的词汇化现象研究”(gxyq2020180)。

摘　　要：“拿云”一词是近代汉语新产生的词汇,具有典型的动词性特点,其内部构造具有明显的动宾关系,可以充当定语、状语、宾语、谓语等成分。该词的语用风格具有典雅性,结构具有凝固性;其夸张义、比喻义也比较明显。该词的产生具有深厚的认知基础,具体表现为:基于隐喻的词义引申、语言的陌生化原则和基于构式“拿+X”的扩充。“拿云”的词汇化始于语言的重新分析机制,历程是错综复杂的。“拿云”的词汇化历程体现了部分近代汉语词汇的演变轨迹。“Nayun(拿云)”is a new word in modern Chinese,which has typical verb characteristics.Its internal structure has obvious verb-object relationship and can act as attribute,adverbial,object,predicate and other components.The word is elegant in language style and solidified in structure,with prominent exaggerated and figurative meaning.The emergence of the word has a profound cognitive basis,which is embodied in the following aspects:word meaning extension based on metaphor;defamiliarization principle of language;extension based on the construction“Na(拿)+X”.Starting from the reanalysis mechanism of language,the lexicalization process of“Nayun(拿云)”,which is complex and complicated,represents the evolution of some modern Chinese vocabulary.

关 键 词：拿云 语法功能 语义特征 语用价值 认知基础 

分 类 号：H109.3[语言文字—汉语]