溪洛渡水库分层取水调度对下游河段水温结构的影响分析  

Analysis on the Influence of Layered Water Intake Operation on the Water Temperature Structure in the Lower Reaches of Xiluodu Reservoir

作　　者：李雨 邹珊 张国学 周新春 LI Yu;ZOU Shan;ZHANG Guoxue;ZHOU Xinchun(Bureau of Hydrology of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水文》2021年第3期101-108,共8页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：长江水利委员会长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV2016368/KY);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0402301)。

摘　　要：梯级水库建设对下游水温影响的范围和程度,以及水库开展生态调度的措施和成效,一直是学术界关注和讨论的热点问题。利用长江干流9个水文站和12个观测断面的水温资料,系统分析了溪洛渡和向家坝梯级水库试验性生态调度的成效。结果表明:(1)梯级水库对坝下水温的影响主要表现为春季低温水下泄以及冬季的高温水下泄;(2)受向家坝水库建成蓄水的影响,其下游水温达到18℃的时间推迟约40d;(3)溪洛渡水库的分层取水调度使坝下泄水温提升约0.4℃,但对向家坝坝下河段的水温几无影响;(4)高温(较干流平均高1.8℃)、量大(占比达到45%)的岷江水汇入,以及沿程气温的升高,是保护区内向家坝-朱沱区间水温沿程升高的主要驱动力。提出的研究方法和结论可为深入认识水库运行对水温结构的影响机理提供参考,也可为后续优化生态调度方案提供科学依据。The scope and degree of the influence of the cascade reservoir construction on the downstream water temperature,as well as the measures and effects of the reservoir ecological operation,have been the hot issues.Based on the water temperature data of 9 hydrological stations and 12 observation sections in the main stream of the Yangtze River,this paper systematically ana-lyzed the effects of experimental ecological operation of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs.The results show that:(1)the impacts of cascade reservoirs on the water temperature under the dam are mainly manifested in the low-temperature water dis-charge in spring and the high-temperature water discharge in winter;(2)the time of the downstream water temperature reaching 18℃is delayed about 40 days due to the influence of Xiangjiaba reservoir;(3)the layered water intake operation of Xiluodu Reservoir makes the water temperature under the dam increase about 0.4℃,but has little influence on the water temperature of Xiangjiaba lower reach;(4)high temperature(1.8℃higher than the average of the main stream),large amount(accounting for 45%)of Minjiang River water inflow,and the rise of temperature along the route are the main driving forces for the rise of water tem-perature along the route in the inner Xiangjiaba-Zhutuo section of the reserve.The research methods and conclusions can provide a reference for further understanding of the mechanism of reservoir operation on water temperature structure,and also provide a scientific basis for the subsequent optimization of ecological operation scheme.

关 键 词：溪洛渡水库 向家坝水库 生态调度 水温结构 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]