论海上货物运输合同中收货人的界定  

Definition of consignee in the contract of carriage of goods by sea

作　　者：朱小菁[1] ZHU Xiao-jing(Fuzhou Tribunal, Xiamen Maritime Court,Fuzhou 350025,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门海事法院福州法庭,福建福州350025

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2021年第2期78-83,共6页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：最高人民法院2018—2019年度案例研究课题“我国港澳台地区最新司法案例研究——司法视野下的域外法查明制度比较研究”(2018SFAL016)。

摘　　要：收货人在海运合同中的地位十分重要,关系到交付货物这一海运合同核心内容的履行。但在关于收货人的界定上,存在立法过于简单、审判实践标准多元等问题。针对上述问题,从中国海运立法关于收货人的定义入手,分析收货人提取货物的权利依据及其与提单持有人的关系。采用案例分析法,以不同运输单证为类别,选取司法实践中各级法院的典型案例,梳理归纳法院识别收货人的标准。在此基础上,结合英美国家立法及国际公约的比较分析,提出完善收货人界定的建议:立法上,应在《中华人民共和国海商法》中修改收货人定义,明确提取货物的权利依据,厘清收货人与提单持有人的关系;司法实践中,应统一收货人识别标准,谨慎依据贸易合同识别收货人,注意电子提单下收货人的识别,审慎认定持有提单是否合法。The concept of consignee is very important in contract of carriage of goods by sea,which may impact the performance of the core content of such contract.However,problems exist in identifying consignee,such as too simple legislation and diversified criteria in judicial practice.In order to address the above problems,this paper starts with the definition of consignee in maritime law of the P.R.China and analyzes the basis for consignee’s right to take delivery of goods and its relationship with the holder of bill of lading.Case analysis is used by selecting typical precedents of local Chinese courts at all levels in terms of different categories of transportation documents,for the purpose of summarizing the criteria for identifying consignee.On this basis,combined with the comparison and analysis of Anglo-American countries legislation and international conventions,this paper puts forward suggestions on improving the definition of consignee:firstly,the definition of consignee should be amended in the Chinese Maritime Code so as to specify the basis for the right to take delivery of the goods and clarify the relationship between consignee and holder of bill of lading;secondly,courts should unify the criteria for the identification of the consignee,carefully identify consignee according to the trade contracts and pay special attention to the issue of identification of consignee under electronic bill of ladings,prudently determine whether the holder of a bill of lading has the legal basis.

关 键 词：海上货物运输合同 收货人 运输单证 提单持有人 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]