川藏铁路隧道工程重大不良地质应对方案探讨  

Study on Countermeasures for Major Unfavorable Geological Issues of Tunnels on Sichuan-Tibet Railway

作　　者：田四明 王伟 唐国荣 黎旭[2] TIAN Siming;WANG Wei;TANG Guorong;LI Xu(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute,Beijing 100038,China;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京100038 [2]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2021年第5期697-712,I0003-I0018,共32页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司重大课题(K2019G039,K2019G042)。

摘　　要：针对川藏铁路雅安至林芝段特殊地质背景下的高地应力软岩大变形、高地应力硬岩岩爆、高地温、活动断裂、富水构造带等不良地质问题,系统阐述了5种重大不良地质的工程特征和主要危害,在调研和分析国内外类似工程建设经验基础上,提出了相应的处置原则和工程对策:1)软岩变形隧道遵循优化洞形、主动加固、分级控制、强化支护的处置原则;2)岩爆隧道遵循预警先行、主动控制、多机少人、保证安全的处置原则;3)高地温隧道遵循加强地质预报、热害分级防控、综合降温配套、合理适配材料、强化劳动保障的处置原则;4)活动断裂段按照小震不坏、中震可修、大震不垮的总体设防目标,遵循预留空间、优化断面、节段设计、运营监测的处置原则;5)高压富水构造带遵循超前长距离预报、超前泄水降压、超前堵水限排、超前围岩加固、加强支护结构、加强监测的处置原则。The unfavourable geological conditions of tunnels of Ya′an-Nyingchi section of Sichuan-Tibet railway,such as very high stress and soft rock deformation,rockburst,high ground temperature,active fault,high pressure and water rich tectonic zone,etc.are systematically expounded in this paper.Based on the research and analysis of similar tunnel construction experience in China and abroad,the corresponding treatment principle and engineering countermeasures are put forward:tunnels in soft rock subject to deformation should be treated by principle of optimizing tunnel cross-section shape,active reinforcement,deformation control according to deformation grade,and strengthening support;tunnel subject to rockburst should be treated by principle of early warning first,active control,more machines and fewer people,and ensuring safety;high temperature tunnel should be treated by principle of strengthening geological prediction,classified prevention and control of heat damage,comprehensive cooling,reasonable matching materials,and strengthening labour safety;the overall goal for the active fault section is:the tunnel will not be damaged by small earthquakes,it can be repaired after moderate earthquakes,and it will not collapse after large earthquakes,and the treatment principle are:reserve space,optimize cross section,design by sections and promote operation monitoring;the high-pressure water-rich tectonic zone should be treated by principle of long-distance prediction in advance,water discharge and pressure reduction in advance,water stopping and drainage limitation in advance,surrounding rock reinforcement in advance,support structure strengthening and monitoring strengthening.

关 键 词：川藏铁路隧道 不良地质 主动控制 分级防控 高地应力 软岩大变形 岩爆 高地温 活动断裂 高压富水断层 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]