寓教于戏:全面抗战时期福建的戏剧改造运动  

The Education through Drama:The Drama Reform Campaign in Fujian Province during the Total War of Resistance Against Japan

作　　者：张凡 Zhang Fan

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》2021年第2期131-138,144,共9页Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre

摘　　要：抗日战争进入相持阶段后,国民政府逐渐认识到戏剧在加强抗战宣传、教育民众等方面的重要作用,遂在国统区开展戏剧改造运动。福建是戏剧改造推行的重要地区,政府通过设立戏剧审查机构、强化戏剧审查、组织新型戏剧团体、颁布演剧规则及编排抗日新剧等多重措施加强对戏剧的整改与管控。戏剧改造在动员宣传、教育民众方面取得一定效果。在实践过程中,对于如何平衡戏剧的现实宣传需要与艺术性的矛盾,相关人士亦进行了较为深入的讨论与反思。福建各方对戏剧改造着力甚深,但在审查效率低下、贪污腐败等诸多系统性社会顽疾的干扰下,成效有限,在抗战后期越来越难以为继。When the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of stalemate,the National Government gradually realized the important role of drama in strengthening the publicity for the resistance against Japan and public education,therefore it launched a drama reform campaign in the Kuomintang-controlled areas,among which Fujian Province was an important place.The government strengthened the rectification and control of dramas via multiple measures such as setting up the agencies for censorship,intensifying the censorship procedures,organizing new types of drama groups,promulgating rules for drama performance and directing new dramas for the resistance against Japan.Drama reform achieved certain success in promoting the mobilization and public education.Relevant people also conducted some in-depth discussions and reflections in practice on how to balance the contradiction between the realistic needs for the publicity purpose and for its artistry.All parties concerned have made great efforts to reform drama,however,with the interference of insoluble social issues such as the inefficient censorship and corruptions,etc.,only the limited success could be achieved,and it became increasingly hard to continue in the later period of the War of Resistance against Japan.

关 键 词：抗日战争 福建 戏剧改造 战争动员 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] J809.2[历史地理—中国史]