海洋深水钻井隔水管气液两相流的多普勒超声波传播特征  

Propagation characteristics of Doppler ultrasonic wave in gas-liquid two-phase flow in an offshore deepwater riser

作　　者：顾纯巍 李骞 马睿 林英松[3] 李相方[4] 李轶明[4] 张爱霞 李英杰 尹邦堂[3] GU Chunwei;LI Qian;MA Rui;LIN Yingsong;LI Xiangfang;LI Yiming;ZHANG Aixia;LI Yingjie;YIN Bangtang(CNOOC China Limited,Beijing 100010,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum-East China,Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;CNPC Offshore Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司,北京市100010 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,四川省成都市610041 [3]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院 [4]中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院 [5]中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2021年第6期97-103,共7页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目“天然气水合物钻采井筒多相流动障碍形成机制与安全控制方法”(编号:51991363)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目“海洋深水油气安全高效钻完井基础研究”(编号:2015CB251200)、山东省自然科学基金项目“压回法压井过程中井筒环空气液逆向多相流流型转化机制”(编号:ZR2020ME095)。

摘　　要：海洋深水钻井经常会钻遇异常压力地层,容易发生气侵溢流,如不能及时发现并加以控制,就有可能导致井喷失控,进而造成不可估量的经济损失和难以挽回的人员伤亡,并且还有可能对海洋生态环境造成巨大的破坏。如何在深水钻井期间对溢流进行早期监测,是目前国际上研究的热点、重点和难点。为了给海洋深水钻井隔水管溢流早期监测提供理论指导,基于多普勒超声波传播原理,设计了气侵早期监测实验装置,优化了多普勒探头安装方式及角度,开展了含气率介于0~46%、液相流速介于0~0.7 m/s的气液两相流中的多普勒超声波传播实验,揭示了多普勒超声波随含气率的变化规律。研究结果表明:①当含气率发生变化时,信号电压会在初始曲线的基础上以不同的幅度和不同的频率上下跳动,信号电压幅值随着含气率增大而先增大后减小;②当多重反射对信号电压均值的增幅大于超声波的衰减程度时,信号电压均值增大,反之信号电压减小;③停泵及开泵不同流速、不同含气率条件下的信号电压均值散点与含气率拟合出的曲线呈现二次函数的变化规律。结论认为,可以根据测量得到的信号电压均值来定量预测含气率的大小,进而指导海洋深水钻井隔水管溢流早期监测及压井作业。During offshore deepwater drilling,the strata with abnormal pressure are often encountered and gas invasion and overflow occur easily.If they cannot be detected and controlled in time,blowout may happen and even get out of control,which will cause considerable economic loss and irreparable casualties and may even damage the marine ecologic environment seriously.How to monitor overflow early during deepwater drilling is a global research hot,focus and difficulty at present.In order to provide theoretical guidance for the early monitoring of overflow in the riser during offshore deepwater drilling,this paper designed an experimental device for the early monitoring of gas invasion based on the propagation principle of Doppler ultrasonic wave.Then,the installation mode and angle of Doppler probe were optimized.Finally,the propagation of Doppler ultrasonic wave in the gas-liquid two-phase flow with a void fraction of 0-46%and a liquid flow velocity of 0-0.7 m/s was experimentally studied,and the change laws of Doppler ultrasonic wave with void fraction were revealed.And the following research results are obtained.First,when the void fraction changes,the signal voltage will jump up and down at different amplitudes and frequencies on the basis of initial curve.The signal voltage amplitude increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of void fraction.Second,when the increase amplitude of mean signal voltage caused by multiple reflection is greater than the attenuation degree of ultrasonic wave,the mean signal voltage increases.Otherwise,the signal voltage decreases.Third,the fitting curve of mean signal voltage scatters and void fraction under different flow velocities and void fractions during pump stopping and starting present a change law of quadratic function.In conclusion,void fraction can be quantitatively predicted based on the measured signal voltage,so as to provide guidance for the early monitoring of riser overflow and well kill operation during offshore deepwater drilling.

关 键 词：海洋深水钻井 隔水管气侵溢流 早期监测 多普勒超声波 气液两相流 含气率 

分 类 号：TE52[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]