滴灌区宽窄行玉米免耕播种带秸秆清理装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Straw Cleaning Device for WideNarrow Maize No-tillage Sowing Strip in Drip Irrigation Area

作　　者：袁盼盼 李洪文[1] 蒋贵菊 何进[1] 卢彩云[1] 黄圣海 YUAN Panpan;LI Hongwen;JIANG Guiju;HE Jin;LU Caiyun;HUANG Shenghai(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Bole,Bole 833400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]博乐市农业农村局,博乐833400

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第6期43-52,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-03);新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员农村科技创业行动项目(2021259)。

摘　　要：针对在滴灌区进行玉米免耕播种作业时,窄行内铺设的滴灌带与秸秆残茬易缠绕形成壅堵、影响播种机具通过性和作业质量等问题,提出适用于滴灌区宽窄行玉米免耕播种带的秸秆清理方法。设计了播种带秸秆残茬分区清理装置,该装置通过纵向错位布置拨草机构对播种带秸秆进行清理,对清理装置作业过程和秸秆抛撒轨迹进行了分析,确定了关键影响因素及参数取值范围;运用EDEM离散元仿真技术,以机具作业速度、入土深度和纵向间距为试验因素,以播种带秸秆清理率为评价指标进行了回归正交仿真试验,建立了响应面数学模型,并进行了参数优化和田间验证试验。结果表明,影响播种带秸秆清理率因素显著性由大到小依次为机具作业速度、纵向间距和入土深度;当作业速度为9 km/h、纵向间距为1100 mm、入土深度为45 mm时,装置作业通过性良好,播种带秸秆残茬清理率均值为87.61%,比模型优化理论值低1.8个百分点,播种带清理宽度为508.0~540.4 mm,满足滴灌区玉米免耕播种的农艺要求。Aiming at the problems of no-tillage maize planting in drip irrigation area,the drip irrigation tape in narrow row is easy to entangle with straw,which affects the trafficability of no-till planter.The straw partition cleaning method suitable for no-tillage widenarrow row in drip irrigation area was put forward,and the device for cleaning straw in sowing strip was designed,which adopted longitudinal dislocation arrangement straw cleaning mechanism to clean up straw in sowing strip.Based on the theoretical analysis of the interaction law between the key components and straw,key influencing factors and value ranges were determined.Based on the EDEM discrete element simulation technology,the working speed,soil contacting depth and the longitudinal spacing were selected as the influencing factors,and straw cleaning rate was selected as the response value for three factors and three levels sub-regression orthogonal test design.The regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and straw cleaning rate were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert 10.0.7.The optimum combination of the selected parameters was obtained,and the field test verification was also conducted.The results showed that the significant effects of working speed,the longitudinal spacing and soil contacting depth on cleaning rate were in a decreasing order.While the working speed was at 9 km/h,the longitudinal spacing was 1100 mm and soil contacting depth was 45 mm,straw cleaning rate of the device was 87.61%,which was 1.8 percentage points lower than the theoretical value of model optimization.The cleaning width of sowing strip was ranged from 508.0 mm to 540.4 mm.

关 键 词：免耕播种 滴灌玉米 宽窄行 秸秆残茬清理装置 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]